蒸发冷凝法制备粉体纳米材料

,,,(中国矿业大学机电工程学院,江苏徐州221008):蒸发冷凝(IGC)法是纳米粉体制备的主要物理方法之一,可成功应用于金属合金金属氧化物等多种类型纳米粉体的制备;制备装置容易实现,可采用多种加热方式,如电阻加热法等离子喷射加热法感应加热法电子束加热法激光加热法等;目前关于制备工艺的研究主要集中在对影响纳米粉体粒径的工艺参数的研究和提高纳米粉体产率的研究上,而粉体粒径的影响因素多产率难以明显提高也一直是制约该法发展的瓶颈;对采用该法制备的纳米粉体的性能研究表明,蒸发冷凝法制备的纳米粉体具有良好的力学性能磁性能和光学特性:蒸发冷凝法;纳米粉体;制备工艺:TQ029:A:10003738(2008)02000404ProgressinResearchonPreparationofNanopowderbyEvaporationcondensationMethodBAOJiusheng,YINYan,LIUTonggang,YANGZhiyi(ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,Xuzhou221008,China)Abstract:Evaporationcondensationmethodhasbeenaclassicalmethodtopreparenanopowdersforalongtime,anditisstillamainphysicalmethodtopreparenanopowderstoday.Thecategoriesofnanopowdersofmetal,alloyandmetallicoxidewhichcanbepreparedbyevaporationcondensationmethodarerecommended.Heatingmodesandtheircharacteristicsareintroduced,includingohmicresistanceheating,plasmaarcheating,inductionheating,electronbeamheating,laserheating,andsoon.Thepresentsituationofresearchonpreparingtechnologyandpropertyofnanopowderspreparedbythemethodissummarized.Thepresentresearchonpreparingprocessismainlyfocusedontechnologicalparameterswhichinfluencenanopowdersdiameter,andapproachestoraisenanopowdersyieldrate.Thenanopowderspreparedbyevaporationcondensationmethodhavesuperiormechanical,magneticandopticalproperties.Keywords:evaporationcondensationmethod;nanopowder;preparingtechnology0,,,,()()[1]:20070404;:20070607:863(2002AA302608);(E200410):(1979-),,,,()(IGC),,1984,Gleiter[2](50Pa~1kPa),,,,;;,[1]!4!32220082机械工程材料MaterialsforMechanicalEngineeringVol.32No.2Feb.2008,;,,,1IGCIGC,()(CaF2)(TiO2Al2O3)(Fe2O3MgO)Takaki[3],,30~50nm[4];[5]IGC,[6],IGC;[7]IGC,10~50nm,24nm[8,9],,;,,Yatsuya[10],,,,2IGC,IGC[11]11IGCTab.1Methodsandfeaturesofevaporationcondensationtechnology,133~13332Pa,100g,2.6∀104~1∀105Pa20~30g,,133~6500Pa,133Pa,,133PaTaWTiNAlN,1.3∀103~1∀104Pa,SiC3IGCIGC,,,IGC:;3.1IGC,()[12-16],[17]IGC,,[18],IGCFeNi,,,!5!,:pmax,,,pmax[19][5],,,,[20]IGC(TiN),,,TiN[7]IGC,:3kW0.3~2kPa20~30V70~150A,;,;,;,,;,3.2[21]IGC,IGC()[8],IGC[22],:,,;,,[23]+,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,4IGC[24]IGCFe29%Ni,[25]Fe47%Ni,,Fe47%Ni,[26],[27],,1~2[28]:,,,Hashimoto[29]Champion[30],,IGC,,,5IGC,,;;,,,,,,,:(1)();(2)!6!,:;(3);(4),IGC,:[1].[M].:,2004:62-69.[2],,.[J].,1998,7(1):65-66.[3]TakakiS,YatsuyaS.Nanoparticleproducedbysputtering[C]//14thInternationalCongressonElectronMicroscopy.Cancun,Mexico:[s.n]1998:469-470.[4],,,.[J].,1997,18(3):46-48.[5],,,.Al[J].,2002,36(4):367-370.[6],,,.[J].,2000,24(2):100-101.[7],,,.[J].,2004,25(3):29-32.[8],,,.[J].,2004,17(5):18-19.[9],,.[J].,2007,36(2):201-204.[10]YatsuyaS.Growthoffullerenenanoparticlespreparedbythegasevaporationtechnique[J].JournalofMaterialsScience,1998,33(24):5843-5847.[11].[J].,1999,20(3):69-72.[12],,,.[J].,2004,14(2):41-44.[13],,.[J].,2004,28(1):5-11.[14],.[J].,2005,15(2):5-8.[15]Champion,Yannick.Evaporationandcondensationformetallicnanopowders[J].AnnalesdeChimie:SciencedesMateriaux,2006,31(3):281-29.[16]YanHongge,LiYunong,ChenQing.Powderpreparationwithevaporationandcondensationmethod[J].JournalofHunanUniversityNaturalSciences,2005,32(2):85-89.[17],.[J].,1998,23(3):48-52.[18],,,.FeNi[J].,1994,30(4):600-605.[19],.[J].,1994,25(5):418-420.[20],,.TiN[J].,1997,25(1):106-109.[21]Singh,Yogendra.Approachestoincreasingyieldinevaporation/condensationnanoparticlegeneration[J].JournalofAerosolScience,2002,33(9):1309-1325.[22],,,.[J].,2006,25(11):1334-1337.[23]Yokoyama,Saito,Katsuyoshi.EvaporationrateofmoltenironinAr+O2gasstreamandcharacteristicsofcondensedparticles[J].JournaloftheJapanInstituteofMetals,1995,59(10):1030-1035.[24],,,.Fe29wt%Ni[J].,1996,14(4):427-430.[25],,,.Fe47wt%Ni[J].,1997,28(6):655-657.[26],,.Zn[J].,2000,21(3):17-20.[27]眆,,.[J].,1995,9(4):247-255.[28],,,.Fe47%wtNi[J].,1997,28(4):441-443.[29]ChampionY,BonnentienJL,LangloisC.Synthesisandprocessingofmetallicnanopowdersforthestudyoftheirmechanicalandmagneticproperties[J].MaterialsScienceForum,2003,426/432(3):2411-2416.[30]Hashimoto,Noritsugu,Hashimoto.Preparationofsilverthinfilmsconsistingofnanosizedparticlesbytheevaporationcondensationmethodanditslinearandnonlinearopticalproperties[J].JournaloftheCeramicSocietyofJapan,2004,112:204-209.(3)[19]TsuneyukiIde,TeiichiAndo.ReactionsinteringofanFe6wtpctB48wtpctMoalloyinthepresenceofliquidphases[J].MetallurgicalTransactionsA,1989,20A:17-24.[20]KenichiTakagi,MasaoKomai,TsuneyukiIde,etal.EffectofNionthemechanicalpropertiesofFe,Mo,boridehardalloys[J].TheInternationtalJournalofPowderMetallurgy,1987,23(3):157-161.[21],,,.[J].,2003,27(7):30-34.!7!,: