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EnglishTensesMadebyJordenPresentTenses–PresentSimple–PresentContinuous–PresentPerfect–PresentPerfectContinuousOnePresentSimpleBasicformSubject+Verb(presentform)QuickexamplesJohnlivesinNewYork.Weplayfootballeveryday.Youarereallykind.Themeetingstartsat3PM.Use•Facts,generalizationsanduniversaltruths•Habitsandroutines•Permanentsituations•Eventsthatarecertaintohappen•Arrangementsthatwecan'tchange(e.g.timetables,officialmeetings)•Stateverbs(e.g.be,have,suppose,know)•Narrations,instructionsorcommentaries•NoteApartfromtheaboveuses,thistenseisalsousedin:•ZeroConditional(Ifitdoesn'trains,Igoplayfootball.)•FirstConditional(Wewon'tgetourpocketmoney,ifwedon'tpassthisexam.)•Insentencesafterwhen,before,till,after,assoonas(Beforeyouleave,pleasetakethekeys.)Use1:Facts,GeneralizationsandUniveralTruths•WeusethePresentSimpletotalkaboutuniversaltruths(forexample,lawsofnature)orthingswebelieveare,orarenot,true.It'salsousedtogeneralizeaboutsomethingorsomebody.•Waterboilsat100degreesCelcius.UniversalTruth•Itisabighouse.Fact•TheEarthgoesaroundtheSun.UniversalTruth,Fact•Dogsarebetterthancats.Generalization•BerlinisthecapitalcityofGermany.Fact•TheElephantdoesn'tfly.Fact•LondonisthecapitalcityofFrance.Fact(Remember:thesentencedoesnothavetobetrue)Use2:HabitsandRoutines•Wealsousethistensetodescribeactionsthathappenfrequently.Forexample:habits,routines,tendencies.•Weleaveforworkat7:30AMeverymorning.Routine•MyhusbandwatchestheTVintheevening.Habit,Routine•Susanoftenmeetswithherfriendsafterschool.Habit,Routine•TheyusuallyplayfootballonSunday.Habit,Routine•Markrarelyvisitshissickgrandmother.Tendency•Pinocchiousuallytellslies.TendencyAdverbsofFrequencyThePresentSimpleisoftenusedwiththefrequency•adverbs:•always•frequently/often•usually•seldom/rarely•nowadays•never•everyweek/year•sometimes/occasionally•fromtimetotime•everynowandthen•Afewexampleshowtousetheminsentences:•IalwaysgotochurchonSundays.•Inevereatanythingafter10PM.Use3:PernamentSituations•UsethePresentSimpletotalkaboutsituationsinlifethatlastarelativelylongtime.•IliveinBoston•Heworksasafireman.•MargaretdrivesaVolkswagen.•Jerrydoesn'tteachmathsathighschool.Use5:StateVerbs•YoushouldusethePresentSimplewithstateverbs.•Ilikeswimming.•Weknowthisman.NoteSomeoftheverbsusedinthesimpleformcanalsoappearinthecontinuousform.Thisistypicallywhentheyhaveanactivemeaningoremphasizechange.I'mthinkingofmovingtoSanFrancisco.•I'mlovingyournewhairdo!Use6:FutureArrangementsUsethePresentSimpletotalkabouteventsthatwecan'tchange(forexample,anofficialmeetingoratraindeparture).•Themeetingstartsat4PM.•Thetrainleavesatthenoon.•Whendoestheplanetakeoff?•Jerrydoesn'tteachmathsathighschool.Use7:Narrations,InstructionsorcommentariesThePresentSimpleisalsousedinnarrations(e.g.totellastoryorajoke),instructions(e.g.cooking)orcommentaries(especiallysportcommentaries).•Amangoestovisitafriendandisamazedtofindhimplayingchesswithhisdog.Hewatchesthegameinastonishmentforawhile[...]FormFormingasentenceinthePresentSimpleiseasy.Toformadeclarativesentence,allyouneedisthesubjectofthesentence(e.g.I,you,he,adog)andtheverb(e.g.be,talk,swim).Questionsandnegativesentencesareonlyalittlemoredifficult,becausetheyrequireanauxiliaryverb.DeclarativeSentencesQuestionsQuestionsrequiretheauxiliaryverbtodoor,inthethirdpersonsingular,does.Comparetheseexamples:•PersonA:Doesshelikegoingtothemountains?•PersonB:Yes,shedoes.•PersonA:DoesJohnhaveadog?•PersonB:No,hedoesn't.Whenaskingaquestion,theverbdoesnotconjugate:•Doesshehaveadog?•Doesshehasadog?•Fortheverbtobe,wedonotuseanauxiliary:•Ishetall?•Doeshebetall?NegativeSentencesTwoPresentContinuousBasicform•Subject+IS/ARE+Verb(continuousform)ThePresentContinuousismainlyusedtoexpresstheideathatsomethingishappeningatthemomentofspeaking.ThePresentContinuousalsodescribesactivitiesgenerallyinprogress(notatthemoment).AnotheruseofthetenseistotalkabouttemporaryactionsorfutureplansUse•Presentactions•Temporaryactions•Longeractionsinprogress•Future(personal)arrangementsandplans•Tendenciesandtrends•IrritationPresentactionsTemporaryactionsUse1:PresentActions•Mostoften,weusethePresentContinuoustensetotalkaboutactionshappeningatthemomentofspeaking.•Heiseatingadinner.•Maryistalkingwithherfriends.•Theyareswimminginthepool.Stative(State)VerbsThereisacertaingroupofverbsthatusuallydoesnotappearintheContinuousform.TheyarecalledStative(State)Verbs,andifusedintheContinuousform,theyhaveadifferentmeaning.•Examples:Ithinkyoulookprettytoday.meaning:OpinionI'mthinkingofmovingtoSanFrancisco.meaning:ActofthinkingUse2:TemporaryActionsThistenseisalsousedforactivitiescontinuingonlyforalimitedperiodoftime.•I'mridingabiketogettoworkbecausemycarisbroken.TemporaryAction(Hiscarwillsoonberepaired)•Theyarenottalkingwitheachotherafterthelastargument.TemporaryAction(Theywillsoonmakeup)•MaryisworkingatMcDonald's.TemporaryAction(Sheisworkingthereonlyduringthesummerholidays)Use3:LongerActionsinProgressWealsousethePresentContinuouswhenweareinthemiddleofdoingsomethingtime-consuming(i.e.somethingthattakestimetocomplete).Anexampleofsuchanactivityiswritingaboo
本文标题:English-Tenses
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