中国酒文化英文介绍Chinese-wine-culture-introduction

ChineseWineCultureChinesewine,withitslonghistoryanditsnumerousvarieties,enjoysgreatprestigebothathomeandabroad.Theage-oldChinesewineculture,extensiveandprofound,exertsfar-reachinginfluenceoneveryaspectofChinesesociallife.Wineanditscultureholdaprominentpositioninmyths,legendsandhistoricalstories,inliterature,artsandreallife,insolemnritesanddailymeals,assertingthemselvesthroughthefive-thousand-yearhistoryoftheChinesenation.TheOriginofWine上天造酒说TheLegendofaGodMakingWine仪狄造酒说TheLegendofYiDiInventingWine杜康造酒说TheStoryofDuKangInventingWine何以解忧？唯有杜康。--OnlyDukangwinecanrelievemyanxiety!--“Whatcaneliminatemymelancholy?OnlyDukangwine”--What'stheremedyformygrief?Ofcourse,it'sDukangwine!TheVarietiesofWineChinesewinehasalonghistoryandabroadvariety.Dependingonthemanufacturingmethod,winecanbecategorizedintobrewage,distilledspiritsandliqueur.Inaccordancewiththesugarcontent,winecanbedividedinto:sweetwine(morethan10%),semi-sweetwine(5%-10%),semi-liquor(0.5%-5%)anddrywine(0.5%).Basedonalcoholcontent,winecanbedividedintohighalcohol(51%-67%),moderatealcohol(38%-50%)andlowalcoholwine(38%orless).Accordingtothetypeofgoods,winecanbedividedinto:whitewine,Chineseyellowwine,beer,fruitwine,andmedicinalliquor.白酒WhiteLiquorWhiteliquor,traditionalChinesedistilledliquor,alsoknownliterallyas“stewedwine”or“whitedry”,isoneoftheworld’ssixmostfamousdistilledwines(whiteliquor,brandy,whiskey,vodkaandrum).Thealcoholcontentofwhiteliquorisgenerallyabove40%,makingitstronglyirritant.Whiteliquorisclearwithapuretextureandricharomaandtastessoftandmild.Fenjiu(汾酒)•datesbacktotheNorthernandSouthernDynasties•madefromsorghumErguotou(二锅头)Maotaijiu(茅台酒)•ahistoryofover200years•originatingfromthetownofMaotai,Guizhou•madefromwheatandsorghumWuliangye(五粮液)Jiugui(酒鬼)果酒FruitWineFruitwinewasmadefromfruitsandberriesthroughdirectfermentation,withanalcoholcontentofabout15%.Itsflavorvaries,hingingonthedifferentfruitsusedasrawmaterials,anditretainsthearomaofthefruitsfromwhichitwasmade.Fruitwinehasahighernutritionalvalue.Grapewineisatypicalkindoffruitwine.药酒MedicinalLiquorMedicinalliquorwasmadebyaddingtowinedifferentkindsofChineseherbalmedicinessuchasginseng人参,wolfberry枸杞andthehairyantlersofayoungstag鹿角.Aftertheherbsareabsorbed,thewineisendowedwithdifferentfunctions.Becausealcoholcanbeusedfortheextractionofeffectiveingredientfromherbs,themedicaleffectofherbscanbeenhanced.It’sakindofintegratedwine,anditcanonlybeboughtinChineseherbalmedicinestores.啤酒BeerUsingbarleyastherawmaterialandhopsastheflavor,beerisbrewedtobealowalcoholwine,withthecontentofalcoholgenerallybetween2%-5%.Beerhasauniquebitternessandaroma,tastingpureandrefreshing.Pouredintoacup,itwillformalargeamountoffoam泡沫.黄酒ChineseYellowWineChineseyellowwine,alsoknownasricewine,isaclassicChinesebrewandoneofthethreemostimportantbrewsoftheworld(whichincludeyellowwine,grapewineandbeer).The300-year-oldliquidlooksyellow,whichgivesititsname.Yellowwineappearsgoldenorbrown,tastesmellow,smellsfragrantandhassomenutritionalvalue.Thealcoholcontentofthewineisgenerally15%-18%,whichmakesitalowalcoholwine.RicewineproductionismainlycenteredinthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverarea,withthemostfamousplacebeingShaoxing,Zhejiang.TraditionalWineBrewingIthasahistoryofseveralthousandyearsandthetraditionalfermentingtechniquedevelopedgraduallyintoamaturelevel.Eveninpresentday,thenaturalfermentingtechniquehasnotdisappearedcompletelyandsomethingaboutsuchtechniquestillremainsamystery.DifferentnameofwinevesselinancientChina尊（樽）觚gū盉hé觥gōng耳杯（羽觞）盏、盅宋代盏清代盅WineandCustom喜酒WeddingWine满月酒（百日酒）WineCelebratingtheOneMonthorOneHundredDays’AgeofaBaby寿酒WineCelebratingElderlyPeoples'Birthdays接风酒WelcomingWine谢师酒WineHonoringTeachers壮行酒FarewellWine乔迁酒House-warmingWineWineisinseparablefromChinesecustoms.Wheneverthereareagriculturalactivities,festivals,weddingceremonies,memorialceremonies,victorymeetingsorreceptionsofguests,wineisindispensable.酒与名人WineandCelebritiesWuSong,abravemanfromLiangshanintheSongDynasty,drank18bowlsofwinewithoutabreak,andthen,barehanded,foughtafiercetigertothedeath.酒与名人WineandCelebritiesLiBaiandWineThegreatpoetLiBaiintheTangDynasty,could“write100poemsafterdrinkingwine”,themorewinehedrunk,thebetterthepoemwouldbe.贺知章金龟换酒HeZhizhangExchangingaGoldTortoiseforWine陶渊明始创菊花酒TaoYuanmingCreatingChrysanthemumWine酒令Wine-drinkingGames投壶ThrowArrowsintoaPotIt’sanage-olddrinkinggame.Peopleuseacustomizedpotinafeast,andeveryonethrowsfourarrowsinturnintothepot.Theonewhothrowsthemostarrowsinwinsthegame;theonewholosesdrinkswine.酒桌礼仪Wine-drinkingManners座次礼仪WheretoSitIngeneral,inaChinesedinner,theseatattheleftsideorintheeastisthemosthonorableplace,andtheseatfacingthedooristhemostrespected.SincearoundtableisoftenusedinaChinesedinner,theprimeguestshouldsitfacingthedoor,andthepersonsittingbythedooristheonewhoisgoingtopaythebill.敬酒流程HowtoProposeaToastGenerally,thehostshouldproposeatoasttoprimeguestsatfirst.Thentheothersproposeatoasttoprimeguests,followedbytheprimeguests’answeringtoast.Atlast,theotherpeopleshouldproposeatoasttoeachother.Inaddition,when