高考必考语法精讲精练专题五：形容词和副词-Word版含解析

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题五：形容词与副词形容词、副词是非常重要的词，是高考必考内容。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对形容词和副词考查都列了两项：①形容词（比较级和最高级）②副词（比较级和最高级）。纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：形容词和副词的语义辨析，形容词与副词的相互转换，形容词和副词的等级。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第69题（语法填空）考查了形容词regular变成副词regularly；第76题（短文改错）考查了副词seriously变成形容词serious。此外，完形填空中第44、第48、第50、第53、第57和第60题都是考查形容词或副词在具体语境中的词义。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第63题（语法填空）考查了形容词official变为副词officially；第75题考查了形容词honest变为名词honesty。此外，完型填空第52题还考查了quiet、still、away与calm的辨析。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第66题（语法填空）考查了形容词bad变成比较级worse；第69题（语法填空）考查了care变成形容词careful；第78题（短文改错）考查了副词late变成later；第79题（短文改错）考查了副词suddenly改为形容词sudden。此外，完型填空第54、第58和60题都是考查形容词或副词在具体语境中的词义。I.形容词、副词的等级(一)形容词/副词的比较级和最高级构成1．规则形容词级的构成规则如下表：单音节词er和est型构成规则原级比较级最高级一般在词末加-er和-esttallgreathardtallergreaterhardertallestgreatesthardest以e结尾的只加-r和-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加-er,-estdrydrierdriest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er,-estbigthinhotbiggerthinnerhotterbiggestthinnesthottest双音节词er和est型少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble,-ple结尾的双音节单词，方法同单音节词happysimpleclevernarrowhappiersimplercleverernarrowerhappiestsimplestcleverestnarrowestmore和most型其他的在前面加more,most分别构成比较级和最高级carefulusefulquicklymorecarefulmoreusefulmorequicklymostcarefulmostusefulmostquickly多音节词more和most型在其前面加more和mostdifficultbeautifulmoredifficultmorebeautifulmostdifficultmostbeautiful2.不规则形容词的级的构成:原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest3.形容词、副词递减的比较等级的构成★★在形容词、副词前加less和least，表示“较不”和“最不”:interesting有趣的lessinteresting较无趣的leastinteresting最无趣的important重要的lessimportant较不重要的leastimportant最不重要的★★有些形容词可以加er及est或前面加上more/most来形成比较级和最高级polite–politer或morepolite–politest或mostpolite，这类词还有quiet，handsome，pleasant，common，exact等.II.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·形容词与副词考点规律分析：短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如in,down等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as结构、how与what的混用等也是常考的考点。语法填空主要涉及形容词与副词之间以及形容词、副词与其他词类之间的互换，形容词与副词的比较等级等。形容词与副词单句改错之真题训练：1.Afteranhourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightening.2.However,weseldomfeltlonelyorhelplessly.3.LastSunday,policecarshurriedtothetallerbuildinginNewYork.4.Asaresult,peopleinthemodernworldgenerallylivemuchmorelongerthanpeopleinthepast.5.Peopleinindustrialcountriescanexpecttolivefortwicesolongaspeoplewholivedafewhundredyearsago.6.Insomeplacesyoumayborrowmanybooksasyouwant.7.Ineverknewaridedownarivercouldbesomuchexciting.8.I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.9.First,letmetellyousomethingmoreaboutmyself.10.Iusedtoplayping-pongalotinmysparetime,butnowIaminterestinginfootball.11.Also,thesportteachesustheimportantofobedience.12.Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.13.IthinkIlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthattheyhelpedmeunderstandwhattheworldworks.14.Afterlearningthebasicsofthesubject,nothingelseseemedverypracticallytome.15.WheneverIseethemIwilloftenthinkofmyEnglishteacher.16.Shecalled119immediate.17.Forinstance,onenightheplayedstrongandloudlymusictillfouro’clockinthemorning.18.Butheisdifferencenow.19.Thetimepassesquick.20.…althoughradioscanbeverynoise.21.…allplannedandwrittenbygrown-upstomakechildrenwantthingsthattheydon’trealneed.22.Butoneofthebestplayersinourteamtoldmejustthenthathewouldn’tplaybasketballanymore.23.Butoneofthebestplayersinourteamtoldmejustnowthathewouldn’tplaybasketballoncemore.24.Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.25.Findinginformationonthenetiseasily.26.Yes,aconcertcanbeveryexcited.27.Nowadaysmillionsofpeopleofallagetakepleasureinahobbywhichisbothinterestedandfun.形容词与副词单句改错之模拟训练：1.I’lltrytobemorecarefullynexttime.2.ChinaismuchmorebiggerthantheUnitedStates.3.Therearefewboysthangirlsinourclass.4.Hesaysthatskiingismuchexcitingthanskating.5.Themoremoneyyoumake,themostyouspend.6.Shefoundsomeonewasfollowingher,soshefeltfrightening.7.Itwasrealverydangerous.Youmighthaveinjuredyourself.8.Infact,wefinishedtheworkwithoutanydifficult.9.Lookattheasleepboy.Howlovely!10.Thefishtasteswell;whynothaveatry?11.Lastweekwasveryrain.Ididn’tgooutthewholeweek.12.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsdowninthewest.13.Ipromisetoreturnbackbefore10.14.Thebookcontainsmuchuseinformation.It’swellworthreading.15.Thisisquitefarthemostlyexpensivebicycleintheshop.16.Theworkerswarmwelcomedusattheiroffices.17.Oh,it’ssimplywonderfullytoseeyouhere!18.Sheisinmorehealthnowthanshewaslastyear.形容词与副词单句改错之提升训练：A级1.Thedoorwaswidelyopen.2.I'llhelpyouasmoreasIcan.3.Heisastallerafellowashiselderbrother.4.Mikedidn'tspeakclearsowecouldn'tunderstandhim.5.JohnswimsbetterthanI,buthedoesn'tswimasgoodasmybrother.6.Heworkshardly.7.Herunsveryfastly.8.Harryworkedgoodhereyesterday.9.Hewasdeepmovedbywhatshesaid.10.Aplaneisflyinghighlyinthesky.B级1.Don'tmakeanychangestillfarthernotice.2.It'scolderinTianjinthaninBeijing,thoughTianjinisfurthertothesouthandnearertothesea.3.I'lltryandbemuchcarefulinfuture.4.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraininghardly.5.Theyhadtodigdeeplytofindwater.6.Iknowthegovernmentthinkshighofhisinvention.7.Heoftencomestoworkearlyandleavesofflately.8.Whathesaidsoundedprettilyinteresting.9.TheEmperoropene