口腔专业英语

1UNIT-1dentalplaque牙菌斑S.sanguis血链球菌S.mitis轻链球菌S.mutans变形链球菌aerobic好氧的，氧气的；依靠氧气的anaerobic没有空气而能生活得，厌氧的1.Incontrasttomucosalsurface,thesurfaceofteetharenotconstantlyrenewedbysheddingofcolonizedepithelialcells.较之粘膜，牙面不能稳定地通过上皮脱落而更新。2.Selectivemannerinwhichbacteriaattachtothetoothsurfaceisthoughttoreflectthefactthatbacteriaontheirsurfacecontainarecognitionsystemwhichenablescomponentsonthebacteriasurface(adhesions)toblindtocomplementarymolecules(receptors)inthepellicle.细菌附着与牙面的选择性方式反映了这一事实，即细菌表面具有识别系统，该系统能使细菌表面的附着器与获得性膜中的互补手提分子结合。UNIT-2ecology生态学；个体生态学ecosystem生态系统（学）mutanism突变的S.sanguis血链球菌S.mutans变形链球菌1.Colonizationisacomplexprocess,asitinvolvesnotonlyinteractionbetweenbacteriaandtheirenvironmentbutaslobacterialinteractions.定植是一个复杂的过程，它不仅包括细菌和环境间的相互作用，也包括细菌之间的相互作用。2.Tootheruptionhasamajorimpactonthecompositionoforalflora.Thisistobeexpected,asteethprovidenewtypesofsurfacesandnewmicroenvironments.牙齿的萌出对口腔菌群组成有重要影响。这是因为牙齿提供了一些新型的表面和新的微环境。UNIT-3saliva唾液parotid耳旁的；腮腺的lingual舌的，语言的，舌侧的buccal颊的，颊侧的labial唇的，唇侧的palatine腭的edentulous无牙sulculus小沟mastication咀嚼chew嚼，咀嚼temporomandibularjoint(TMJ)颞下颌关节streptococci链球菌fungus(复fungi)真菌，霉菌1.Thesalivaryamylaseactivityofdifferenrindividualsvariesbutaweakactioniscompensatedforbythestrongactionofpancreaticamylaseintheduodenum.2不同个体间唾液淀粉酶的活性不同，但是较弱的活性可由十二指肠中强活性的胰淀粉酶补偿。UNIT-4enamel釉质dentinaltubules牙骨质小管amelocementaljunction釉牙骨质界dentine牙本质cementum牙骨质odontoblast成牙本质细胞alveolarbone牙槽骨alveolarcrest牙槽嵴junctionalepithelium结合上皮1.Thetoothbudundergoesperipheralproliferartionintothemesenchyme,leavingacentralmensenchyme-filleddepression,toformthetoothcapwhichconsistantsofthesamecomponentsasthetoothbud.牙蕾的周边区上皮向外胚间充质中生长，基底部凹陷，状如帽子，凹陷内充满外胚间充质细胞，帽状期上皮与蕾状期相同。2.Dentineconsistsofmineralizedtissue(chieflyhydroxyapatite)inwhichmicroscopictubulesarefoundextendingfromthepulptoverycloseto,oreventhrough,theamelodentinaljunction.牙本质由矿化组织（以羟基磷灰石为主）构成，镜下见有小管自牙髓贯穿全层到达或穿过釉牙本质界。UNIT-5dentinepermeability牙本质渗透性remineralization再矿化groove窝沟slot(固定)沟undercutretention倒凹固位cariogenic致龋的1.Fissuresealants,saaneffectivewaytopreventfissurecaries,aresupportedbymanycontrolledclinicalstudiesandshouldbeusedasapreventivemeasureinpatientswithmoderateorhighcariesrisk.许多临床对照研究证明窝沟封闭剂是一种有效的预防沟裂龋的方法，并作为预防性措施应用中度或者高度龋易感性的患者。UNIT-6percuss叩诊，敲palpate触诊laminadura硬板attrition磨损abrasion磨耗metamorphosis变形pulpitis牙髓炎microleakage微渗漏pulppolyp牙髓息肉matiscation咀嚼fistula瘘管3abscess脓肿osteosclerosis骨硬化1.Rather,itspurposesaretosuggestinthebroadestpossibleinterpretationwhetherpulposeitherhealthyorunhealtyandtohelptheclinicaldeterminewhetheritshouldberemoved,basedonclinicalexperience.更确切地说，提出临床分类的目的是尽可能地解释牙髓是否健康，同时基于临床经验，以帮助医生决定牙髓是否需要摘除。2.Forthisreasononlycompletecleansing,shaping,andobturationoftherootcanalwilleliminiatethesourceoftheperiapicaldiseaseandcreateamicroenviromentinwhichtheseperiapicallesioncanremineralize.因此，只有彻底冲洗，预备和充填根管，才会杜绝根尖周疾病的来源，并创造一个能促进根尖周病损再矿化的微环境。UNIT7obturate闭塞amalgam汞合金gutta-percha牙胶stopping充填剂bleach漂白rosin松香irritant刺激的However,itisonlythroughacognizant“problem-solving”approachtorootcanaltreatment,thatqualityassurancecanbecontinuallydemonstratedintheobturationoftherootcanalsystem.但是，只有通过认知性的，以解决问题为中心的根管治疗方法才能自始自终地保证根管填充的质量。UNIT8pulpotomy牙髓切断术maxillary上颌骨mandibular下颌骨radiolucent射线透射的pulpectomy牙髓摘除术dentalfloss牙线periodontium牙周组织hypodontia牙发育不全dysplasia发育异常(1)Thespecificityofinductionreflectstheparticularcombinationsofsignalingmoleculestheircognatecellsurfacereceptors,variousintracellularsignalpathways,andalargenumberoftranscriptionalfactorsthatregulategeneexpression.诱导的特异性表现在信号分子、同源性细胞表面受体、各种细胞内信号路径及其调控基因表达的大量转录因子的特殊联合作用上。(2)Inadditiontochangesinpulpsizeandshapewithaging,externalstimulialsoexertaneffect.Caries,attrition,abrasion,erosion,impacttrauma,andclinicalprocedurearesomeofthemajorirrritantsthatmay4causeformationofirritationdentin.牙髓的体积与形状除了随年龄变化之外，外界的刺激也对它产生影响。龋病，磨损，磨耗，腐蚀，创伤及临床操作是导致刺激性牙本质形成的主要因素。UNIT9endodontic牙髓学percussion叩诊palpation触诊probing探诊pathosis病态manifestation临床表现medicalhistory病历，病史vitalsign生命体征chiefcomplain主诉pulpcapping盖髓metamorphosis变态，变形，变质radiographX射线照片cement粘固粉recurrentcaries继发龋full-crownrestoration全冠修复orthodontic牙科正畸的，正畸学temporomandibularjoint颞下颌关节occlusal咬合的sinustract窦道deciduousteeth乳牙pulplesstooth无髓牙premonition预告，预感(1)Acompletemedicalhistoryshouldcontain,asabaseline,thevitalsighs;giveearlywarningofunsuspectedgeneraldisease;anddefineriskstothehealthofthestaffaswellasidentifytherisksoftreatmenttothepatient.一份完整的病历应该包括作为基础的生命体征；对尚未被怀疑的全身性疾病提出早期警告；并且确定影响健康的危险因素以及者患接受治疗的危险因素。(2)Thequestion,“Whatkindoftreatmenthaveyouhad?”mightelicitahistoryofpulpcapping,deepfillingswithsedativebases,orindirectpulpcaps.问题“你曾经接受过哪种治疗？”可能提示盖髓史，深部安抚剂垫底的充填史或间接盖髓史。UNIT10periodontitis牙周炎theconnectivetissue结缔组织lossofattachment附着丧失Junctionalepithelium结合上皮Apicalmigration根向移动5periodontium牙周组织(尤指牙周膜)gingiva牙龈plaque菌斑agressiveperiodontitis侵袭性牙周炎refractoryperiodontitis难治性牙周炎Diagnosiswasmadeonthebasisofclinicalparametersdocumentedinathoroughperiodontalassessment,aswellasconsiderationoftheageofonset,rapidityofprogression,andextent/pattenofalveolarbonelo