研究生英语下Unit7

Unit7ThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischiefU8AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher’sReferenceTextThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischiefWarm-upActivitiesFurtherReadingWritingSkillsAdditionalWorkUnit7ThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischiefWarm-upActivities1.Somepeoplesaymoneyisspoilingthebeautyofsportscompetitionsandthatthetraditionalvirtuesofcourtesyandsportsmanshiphavebeenmoreorlesslost.Othersinsistthatmoneyisnotspoilingthegamebutmakingitevenmorespectacular.Whichsidedoyoutake?2.Doyouhappentoknowanycaseoftrickeryanddishonestyinsports?Warm-up1.1Unit7ThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischiefWarm-up1.23.AEuropeancoachwasquotedassaying:“Aslongasyouarestillaliveforthevictoryceremony,youshouldgetyourreward.Thereisnoroomforethicsinsportsanymore.”Doyouagreewithhim?Doyouthinkitpossibleforathletestocompetefiercelyforvictorywhileobservingethicsandcourtesy?Unit7ThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischiefErichSegalwasborninBrooklyn,NewYork,thesonofarabbi.AtalentedLatinandGreekclassicist,heattendedHarvardUniversityforundergraduateandgraduatedegrees,taughtatHarvardandPrinceton,andbecameprofessorofcomparativeliteratureatYaleUniversityin1967.Aprolificwriter,heisbestknownasauthorofthescreenplayforYellowSubmarine,1968motionpicturehitbyTheBeatles,aBritishrock-n’-rollgroup;andhisnovelLoveStory,aNewYorkTimesNo.1bestseller,latertranslatedintomorethantwentylanguagesworldwide.Themotionpictureversionreleasedin1971wasthenumberoneboxAIFTTR1.1AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher’sReference1.ErichSegal(1937-)Unit7ThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischiefAIFTTR1.2officeattractionofthatyear.TwootherofhisbestsellerswereTheClass(1985)andDoctors(1988).Unit7ThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischiefAccordingtotradition,theOlympicgameswerefirstcelebratedintheyear776B.C.TheywereheldinhonourofZeusofOlympiaandwerethusareligiousfestival.WhilsttheathletesintheearlystagesoftheGameswereprobablymainlyfromtheleisuredupper-classesandthereforemaybedefinedas“amateurs”,thererapidlydevelopedwhatcanonlybecalledprofessionalathletes,forwhomathleticscompetitionwasacareer,andwhomadelargeamountsofmoney(oritsequivalent)fromtheirsuccessinthedifferentathleticgamesandcompetitions.WeactuallyhearofGreekcities“poaching”athletesfromothercitieswithpromisesoffinancialrewards.AIFTTR2.12.theOlympicGamesUnit7ThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischiefAIFTTR2.2TheOlympicGameswerewhattheGreekscalled“crownedGames,ie.”therewerenocashprizesorprizesingoods,butonlyasimplewreathofwildolive.Moreover,unlikethemodernGames,onlythewinnerwascrowned,withnowreathbeingofferedtosecondorthirdplace-getters.Butthefinancialandmaterialrewardswhenthevictoriousathletereturnedhomewereverygreatindeedandasecureandprosperousfutureawaitedhim.Moreover,apartfrombeingidolisedandmadeintopopularheroesbothathomeandthroughouttheHellenicworld,manyanathletegainedimmortalfamebybeingmadethesubjectofavictory-odebyfamouspoets.Unit7ThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischiefNotallathletesliveduptothecodeofexcellence.Somewerediscoveredcheatinginthegames.Inthepast,onlyaboutonepercentofathleteshavetestedpositiveforbannedsubstances,andthisnumberisgenerallyconsideredonlyafractionofthosewhouseperformance-enhancingdrugs.Howeverthematterofdopinghasreareditsheadandhasbeendeveloping.Athletesknowhowtousethesesubstancesandavoiddetection.Theathleteshavesupporterswhogetthemthelatestdrugs.Therearealsosomelatestwaystocheat:tattooingtheirdrugsofchoiceundertheskin,procuringthefourthgenerationoferythropoietin(EPO)orpoppingViagramixedwithgulpsoflaughinggas.AIFTTR3.13.CheatinginOlympicsUnit7ThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischief4.DrugtestAdrugtestiscommonlyatechnicalexaminationofurine,blood,semen,sweat,ororalfluidsamplestodeterminethepresenceorabsenceofspecifieddrugsortheirmetabolizedtraces.Thereareseveralcommontypesofdrugtestsincludingurinedrugscreen,hairdrugtesting,hairalcoholtesting,salivadrugscreen,sweatdrugscreen.Thedifferenttypesofdrugtestsaretestedinverysimilarways.Beforetestingthesample,thetamper-evidentsealischeckedforintegrity.Ifthesealisdamaged,thetestwillberejected.TherewerenodrugtestsforOlympicathletesintheearlyyearsofourcentury.Asdrugtestingisamatterofsafetyandfairness,sotheIOCinitiatedthedrugtesting.AIFTTR4.1Unit7ThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischief5.1984ByGeorgeOrwellNineteenEighty-Four(alsotitled1984),byGeorgeOrwell(thepennameofEricArthurBlair),isa1949Englishnovelaboutlifeunderafuturisticauthoritarianregimeintheyear1984.Itisachillingdepictionofhowthepowerofthestatecouldcometodominatethelivesofindividualsthroughculturalconditioning.IttellsthestoryofWinstonSmith,afunctionaryattheMinistryofTruth,whoseworkconsistsofeditinghistoricalaccountstofitthegovernment’spolicies.SmithisdegradedandtorturedafterheisarrestedbytheThoughtPoliceundertheinstructionofthetotalitariangovernmentofOceania.AIFTTR5.1Unit7ThereHasAlwaysBeenOlympicMischiefAIFTTR5.2Thebookhasbeentranslatedintosixty-twolanguages.Ithasmajorsignificanceforitsvisionofanall-knowinggovernmentwhichusespervasiveandconstantsurveillanceofthepopulace,insidiousandblatantpropaganda,andbrutalcontroloveritscitizens.Thebookhadasubstantialimpactbothinliteratureandonthepe