英语定语从句讲解及练习

(AttributiveClause)一.定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词that,which,who,whom,whose，aswhere,when，why1.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词2.Hospitalisaplacewheredoctorswork.先行词关系副词先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.that=themachinewho=theboywhose=theboy’swhere=intheschool关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质themachineamachinethat/which二.关系词的分类1.关系代词2.关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，定语从句中的的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词在定语从句中作状语，定语从句中的关系副词有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√××××何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略√①who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.③which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.whichHeistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.that⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.4.Idon’tlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemyesterdaywerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.Idon’tlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.2.关系代词的用法注意点that和which都可指物，以下五种情况只用that不用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.注：如果定语从句的介词提前,只用which不用thatThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.3.as与which在引导定语从句时的区别(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which则不能Asweallknow,morethanseventypercentoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.(2)as表示正如，正像，而which则没有此意。此时，as从句中常有know,expect,happen,pointout,plan,suggestHecamebackhomelate,asweexpected.Asispointedout,thisisagrammarproblem.(3)当先行词被thesame,such,as,so修饰时，定语从句需要用as引导Iwillgiveyousuchthingsasyoumayneed.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.先行词为thesame修饰时通常用as引导，也可以用that引导Ihadthesamedifficultyasyouhadlastyear.Hetoldmethesamestoryherethatshetoldinherhouse.thesame…as和…一样/相同…thesame…that和…同一个的…such…as与such…that引导状语从句的区别HeissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikesHeissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.as引导的定语从句常用以下句型asisoftenthecase这种情况经常发生ashasbeensaidbefore这种情况以前都说过asoftenhappens这种情况经常发生asmaybeimagined这可以预料到asmightbeexpected正如可以预料到的ashasbeenpointedout这是已经指出的asiswell-known=asweallknow这是众所周知的asIcanremember正如我所记得的asyousee=ascanbeseen看得出来Theearthisround,___weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround.___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.asAsIt定语从句在句首时只能用as，as具有正如之意，动词一般较固定as的使用/whichthat和who都可以指人，但下面情况多用who。①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.whose引导的定语从句注意点①whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：Thebossinwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。③whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.②whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。④whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemother(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismyfriend.(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhomintheworld.that﹨(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedresswhichsheiswearingisnew.that﹨(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.巩固练习：1.用定语从句合并句子巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HeisthekindpersonwhoIhaveeverworkedwith.whomthat﹨ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.that﹨who,that,whom,which,whose1.Ihaveafriend___________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_____________Igaveher.3.Theman_______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.4.Kateisreadingabook____________istoodifficultforher.(which/that)who/thatwhosewhich/that1.Thegirl_________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_______________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl_______motherisateachercan