自动扶梯控制系统设计

摘要自动扶梯是一种常年运载乘客的电力驱动设备,其运行状态常出现空载,大多数扶梯在空载时仍采用额定速度运行,具有耗能大,机械磨损严重等缺点,因此需要对自动扶梯进行节能运行改造。本设计就是根据自动扶梯节能使用的基本要求,设计一种以微机与变频器相结合控制自动扶梯节能运行的系统。工艺要求在保证舒适安全运行的条件下能够降低自动扶梯的能耗，延长自动扶梯的工作寿命。自动扶梯控制系统的设计过程中主要包括电动机、热继电器、主电源开关、接触器、变压器、电线及电缆和制动电阻选型的基础上对于变频器驱动、电源控制、制动、故障显示、检修控制、速度检测、安全控制、照明控制等电路的设计。完成电路的设计后再对于主驱动轮传感器、梯级缺失传感器、扶手带测速传感器的安装，最后经过离线调试和在线调试，该系统实现了节能化运行。它实现了自动扶梯的电脑化控制，使自动扶梯更趋于智能化。关键词：自动扶梯；微机；控制系统ABSTRACTEscalatorisaperennialpassengerelectricequipment,itsrunningstateoftenwithoutload,Mostoftheescalatorwhenthewithoutloadisstillusingtheratedspeed,Highenergyconsumption,mechanicalwearandseriousshortcomings.Sotheescalatorsneedforenergy-savingoperationtransformation.Thisdesignisbasedontheuseofenergy-efficientescalatorbasicrequirementstodesignacombinationofcomputerandinvertercontrolsystemoftheescalatorenergy-savingoperation.Processrequirementstoensurethecomfortandsafetyofoperationconditionsoftheescalatorcouldreducepowerconsumptionandextendtheworkinglifeoftheescalator.Escalatorcontrolsystemdesignprocessincludesonthebasisofmotors,thermalrelays,themainpowerswitch,contactors,transformers,wiresandcables,andbrakeresistorselectiontoinverterdrive,powercontrol,braking,faultindication,accesscontrol,speeddetection,securitycontrol,lightingcontrolcircuitdesign.Aftercompletionofthecircuitdesignforthemaindrivewheelsensors,sensormissingrungs,handrailspeedsensorinstallation.Finally,afterofflinedebugginganddebugging,thesystemrealizesenergy-savingoperation.Itimplementstheescalatorcomputerizedcontrol,sothattheescalatortendstobemoreintelligent.Keywords：Escalator;Microcomputer;ControlSystem目录1、引言.................................................................................................................................12、概述.................................................................................................................................22.1课题背景.................................................................................................................22.2国内外文献综述.....................................................................................................32.3设计研究内容.........................................................................................................53、控制系统工艺.................................................................................................................63.1控制系统工艺.........................................................................................................63.2控制系统工作流程.................................................................................................74、控制电路设计.................................................................................................................94.1电动机选型.............................................................................................................94.2热继电器的选用.....................................................................................................94.3主电源开关的选用.................................................................................................94.4接触器的选用.........................................................................................................94.5变压器的选用.......................................................................................................104.6电线及电缆的选用...............................................................................................104.7制动电阻选型.......................................................................................................104.8变频驱动回路.....................................................................................................114.9电源控制回路.....................................................................................................124.10制动回路...........................................................................................................124.11故障显示回路.....................................................................................................134.12变频器主控回路...............................................................................................144.13检修控制回路...................................................................................................154.14速度检测回路...................................................................................................154.15安全控制回路...................................................................................................164.16照明控制回路...................................................................................................165、系统安装工艺与调试...................................................................................................185.1主驱动轮传感器安装.........................................................................................185.2梯级缺失传感器安装.........................................................................................195.3扶手带测速传感器安装.....................................................................................195.4离线调试.............................................................................................................205.5在线调