词性及后缀

英语单词词根词缀和词性互相转换一、词形转换A.动词变名词1.v+ment结尾achieve---achievement成就advertise---advertisement//advertisingdevelop---developmentmanage---management经营管理2.V+tion结尾attract吸引—attraction有吸引力的事或人令人向往的地方permit允许-----permissionsuggest-建议暗示--suggestionsolve解决-----solution解决方法3.V+ance结尾appear—appearance外貌,出现perform----performance演出4.V+ing结尾end结束----ending结尾,结局train训练---trainingmean----meaning意义5.V+其他beg(乞讨)—beggar乞丐behave行为,举止----behaviorknow---knowledgefly—flight飞行heat加热---heat热量hit撞击---hit轰动一时的人或物,碰撞mix混合-----mixture混合物press按,压—pressure压力sit-----seat座位B.名词变形容词1名词+yanger--angryhunger---hungrysleep---sleepy昏昏欲睡的taste口味,品味---tasty甜的2.名词+edbalance–balanced平衡的spot斑点,地点----spotted有斑点的talent-----talented有天赋的3.名词+ful/lessmeaning—meaningful有意义的care—careful/careless小心的/粗心的4.名词+ablecomfort---comfortableknowledge---knowledgeablesuit一套-----suitable合适的5.名词+ousenormous巨大的danger—dangerousmystery神秘-----mysterious神秘的6.ce变tconfidence----confidentdifference---different7.al结尾nature---natural自然的person---personal(私人的)nation—national国家的8.名词+lyfriend—friendlylive---lively活跃的,有生气的love—lovely可爱的9.+en结尾wood—wooden木制的wool—woolen羊毛的10.其他energy精力---energeticfool傻子—foolish愚蠢的freedom自由—free空的,免费的height高度—highillness疾病---illlove—loving慈爱的death---deadpleasure---pleasant/pleasedpopularity流行性—popularpride---proudscientist----scientific科学的方位的词表达名词—形容词East—easternWest—westernSouth—southernNorth---northernInthewestofChinaInthewesternpartofChina四大洲名词-----形容词Asia亚洲--AsianAfrica非洲---AfricanEurope欧洲---EuropeanAmerica美洲-----AmericanC.形容词变副词1.形容词+lybad—badlybright—brightly明亮地most多数-----mostly多半大多数2.以le结尾的去e+ycomfortable---comfortablygentle—gentlypossible---possibly3.辅音字母+y变ilyeasy—easilyheavy—heavilyhappy--happily4.特殊good—well好地well身体健康的,井true—truly名词---形容词—副词beauty美,美人—beautiful—beautifullycare—careful—carefullycare—careless—carelesslydifference---different---differentlyhappiness—happy—happilyhunger—hungry—hungrilyhealth—healthy—healthilyluck—lucky—luckilynoise—noisy—noisilypride—proud—proudly骄傲地sadness—sad—sadlysafety安全安全的地方—safe—safelysilence—silent---silently默默地success—successful—successfullytruth—true—trulyunluck—unlucky—unluckilywonder奇迹—wonderful—wonderfullyD.既是形容词又是副词earlygetupearly;anearlytrainlatebelateforclasscomelateforschooldeepdivedeepintotheseaadeepholehighjumphigh;ahighmountainhardahardquestion;ahardstoneworkhard/studyhardrainhardlongIttakestoolongIttakesalongtimefarjumpfarMyhomeisfarfromschoolstraightastraightlinegostraightalonghere二、派生:指由一个词根加上前缀和(或)后缀构成另一个词的构词形式。A.前缀:一般而言,前缀只改变词的含意,并不改变词的词性,有些前缀如en-,under-等却使原词改变了词性,如force(n力量)—enforce(v加强)rich(adj富有)—enrich(v使富裕)line(n线)—underline(v在……之下画线)。a-,an-①无,不,非astable不稳定的acentric无中心的②含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意义asleep在熟睡中ahead向前ab-脱离abnormal不正常的abaxial离开轴心的anti-反抗antiwar反战的anti-imperialist反帝的auto-自动,自己autobiography自传autostable自动稳定be-使…加强belittle使缩小befriend友好相待bi-二,双biweekly双周刊biligual两种语言的co,col,com,con,cor共同cooperation协作collaboration协作勾结combine联合counter-,contra-反,对应counteraction反作用contrast对比,对照di-,dif-,dis-否定,相反diffident不自信的dislike不喜欢en,em-使…enlarge扩大enable使…能empower使…有权力e-,ex-外,出external外部的erupt喷出extra-以外,超过extraordinary格外的extrasolar太阳系以外的hyper-在上,超hyperfrequency超高频hypersonic超声的il-,im-,in-,ir-否定illogical不合逻辑的impossible不可能的invisible不可见inter-互相interchange交换interlock连锁intra-,intro-在内,内部intrapersonal个人内心的introspect内省mal-恶,不良maltreat虐待malfunction机能失常micro-微microscrope显微镜microware微波mid-中,中间midair半空中midstream中流mini-小minibus小公共汽车ministate小国mis-错坏mistake错误misspell拼错multi-多multiparty多党的multilingual多种语言的non-否定nonsmoker不抽烟的人nonexistent不存在的out-超过,过度,外,出,除去outgo走得比…远outgrow长得太大outdoor户外的over-上,过度overwork工作过度overbridge天桥post-后postwar战后postnatal诞生后的pre-前,领先prewar战前的prefix前缀re-回,再return返回restart重新开始semi-半semicircle半圆semiconductor半导体sub-,suc-,suf-,sup-次,亚,在下,低于substandard低于标准规格的succeed继承suffix后缀supplement增补trans-转换,变换,横过,越过transmit传送transatlantic横渡大西洋的tri-三tricar三轮车triangle三角(形)un-否定unstable不稳定的unknown未知的under-下,内(指衣服),不足underground地下的underskirt衬裙underpay付资不足uni-单一uniform均匀的unipolar单极的B.后缀:通常情况下,后缀不但改变词,还改变词性,常见的后缀有动词后缀、副词后缀、形容词后缀和名词后缀。a.名词性后缀1.-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为状态和全体总称percentage百分数,百分率voltage电压,伏特数shortage不足,缺少。2.-cy表示抽象名词accuracy准确,精确度infancy婴儿期。3.-ence、-ance表示性质和动作difference不同interference干扰干预influence影响感化occurrence发出出现4.-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀difficiency不足,不全tendency趋势,趋向frequency频率5.-er表示…人、…者receiver接收者,接受者carrier携带者,beginner初学者,创始人reader读者6.-ics表示…科学psychiatrics精神病学obstetrics产科学orthopdics矫形科学auristrics耳科学7.-ian表示人称名词physician医师,内科医师technician技术员8.-ication由动词变化而来的抽象名词常译为…化simpliffcation简化calcification钙化classification分类分级communication交流交往。9.-ing由动词变化而来的动名词nursing护理typing分型,分类mapping绘制…图bleeding出血imaging成像。10.-ion由动词构成的名词occasion偶然原因,近因,时机division分割,分开vision视力,视觉11.-ism表示制度,主义及现象等的抽象名词mehanism机理,机制autism孤独性。12.-ist表示人称名词specialist专家biololgist生物学家economist经济学家chemist化学家13.-ization由动词构成的抽象名词organization组织,机构,机化hospitalization住院normalization正常化14.-logy表示学科morphology形态学histology组织学neurology神经学embryology胚胎学15.-ment表示动作,行为或具体事物measurement测量,量度,experiment实验,instrument仪器,器械improvement改善16.-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词hardness坚硬effectiveness有效usefulne