非谓语动词 动名词和分词

非谓语动词考点归纳二、动名词动名词与现在分词同形，但主要起名词作用。充当成分:主语宾语表语定语1.动名词作主语（泛指）Seeingisbelieving.Playingchessisfun.It'snousewaitinghere.2.动名词作表语（泛指）Thenurse'sjobislookingafterthepatients.Herjobiskeepingtheofficesclean.她的工作是保持办公室清洁。区别：现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，可以有so/very等副词来修饰例：Thenewsthatourteamhadbeenbeatenbytheminthematchwasverysurprising.我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。Thesoundweheardlastnightwassofrightening.我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖。3.动名词作宾语①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit,anticipate,contemplate,delay,postpone,prohibit,resent,resist,risk,tolerate,forbid,overlook,finish,dislike。Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows?②下列动词短语接动名词：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.③特殊的几个动词：v+doing;但是v+sb.+todosth.如：allow允许,advise建议,forbid禁止,permit批准,recommend建议，推荐例1：a.Wedon’tallowsmokinginthelectureroom.b.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmokeinthelectureroom.例2：a.Iwould’tadvisetakingthecar.b.Iwould’tadviseyoutotakethecar.todoinglookforwardto,objectto,beopposedto,beused/accustomedto,preferdoingtodoing,dedicateto例：a.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.b.Iamaccustomedtosleepingwiththelighton.c.Thechildrenareopposedtohavingapartywithouttheiruncle.d.Theydon’tobjecttopostponingthemeetinguntilFriday.4.动名词作定语动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，常用于表示性质或属性.readingtextVSareadingboyasleepingbagVSasleepinggirlawalkingstickVSawalkingmanrunningwaterVSarunningathlete区别：现在分词作定语:有逻辑上的主谓关系用动名词的常用句式1.Itisnogood/usedoingsth.表示干什么事没有用。It’snousecryingoverthesplitmilk.后悔没有用2.Thereisnopoint/use/good(in)doingsth.表示干某事没有必要，没有意义。Thereisnousearguingwithhim.你没有必要和他争。3.Thereisnodoingsth.相当于it’simpossibletodosth或wecan’tdosth.Thereisnodenying/gainsayingthefactthat…毋庸置疑Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappentomorrow.无法预测Thereisnoknowingthefuture.不能预测未来。三、分词现在分词与过去分词.充当成分:宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.1.从语态方面来看，现在分词表示主动意义，与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系，如：ThemanstandingatthegateismyEnglishteacher.=whoisstanding过去分词通常表示被动含义，与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，如：thebrokencup意思是thecupwasbroken.2.从时态角度看，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词则表示完成的动作。a.fallenleaves:leavesthathavefallen落叶b.fallingleaves:leavesthatarefalling正在飘落的叶子a.sunkenships:shipsthathavesunken沉没了的船只b.sinkingships:shipsthataresinking正在下沉的船只（一）现在分词1.现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的。V-ing形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheclassroom.（方式）Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.Thoughweighingalmostonehundredjin,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.Weweresittingbythewindow,talkingaboutwhathappenedyesterday.(伴随）=Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Thoughitweighes…2.现在分词作定语1.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung（二）过去分词过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。a、表示时间Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b、表示条件Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.c、表示原因d、表示伴随情况e、表示让步Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.共同：分词（现在分词、过去分词）作宾补1)跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补（v.+sb.+doing)，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补(v.+sb.+done)，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheard.WhenIpassedthegate,Icaughtathiefstealinganoldlady’spurse.如:1.Don’tleavethewater______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehadit_______oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained非谓语动词的其他考点:1.主语一致1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,________.A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists2．Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.A．thedoorbellrangB．thedoorbellringsC．weheardthedoorbellringD．weheardthedoorbellrings2.with的复合结构with+名词+doingtododone1.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise__________.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon2．________andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctor’shelptoendherlife.A．HavinggivenuphopeofcureB．WithnohopeforcureC．TherebeinghopeforcureD．Inthehopeofcure1.Lifeexpectancyinthenationhasrisento73years,withfewerpeoplesufferingfromheartdisease,thenation’snumberonekiller.这个国家的国民寿命已经上升到73岁，由于更少的人遭受心脏病——这个国家一号杀手的折磨。2.Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphoneaddedtothesystem,sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheachprogramthatturnsout.正如电话系统的价值是随着每一部新加到这个系统的电话而增长，同样，计算机系统的价值随着它所运行的每个程序而增加.Therebe的动名词及不定式