【语法】倒装句详细讲解-之二

GrammarInversion--倒装句1.倒装句的定义英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装.Inversionisthechangingoftheorderofthewordsinthesentence.2.倒装句的构成a)完全倒装b)部分倒装Incametheheadmaster,followedbyagroupofteachers.•将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。Seldomhavewefeltascomfortableashere.•只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。1)句首状语引起完全倒装•（1）“here（there，now，then,thus,first,next）+不及物动词+主语”•(2)以out，in，up，down，away,back,off,inside,outside,Thus,high,low等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。①车来了。Here_________________②铃响了。There_________________③该你的了。Now__________________④孩子们出去了。Out__________________comesthebus.goesthebell.comesyourturn.wentthechildren.Theywentout.Herehecomes.注意:当代词做主语时，主谓语序不变,不倒装。⑤他们出去了.⑥他来了。•Higherandhigher_____andthenthekitewasoutofsight.•A.flewit•B.diditfly•C.itflew•D.wasitflying（3）当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装①城南有个大型钢铁厂。Southofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.②这些东西里有圣诞树、花儿、蜡烛和玩具AmongthegoodsisChristmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.。(4)表+主+….GonearethedayswhentheChinesepeoplewereonlyslaves.Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.Standingbesidethetablewasantranslator.Presentatthemeetingweremanyguests.*当句首状语为不表示地点的介词词组时，引起部分倒装Onthebackwallhungapictureofmyfamily.Underatreesataprettygirl.Besidemesattwostudents.Inthiswaycanweexplainthematter.（5）完全倒装用于句型“There+live/lie/stand/exist/remain/be/seemtobe/happentobe/usedtobe/oughtbe/mustbe/can’tbe)+主语”Therestandsatalltreeinfrontoftheclassroom.2）部分倒装（1）用于so/as，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容，原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致①他去过北京，我也去过。HehasbeentoBeijing.So/AshaveI.②李威回答不了这个问题，我也不能。LiWeican'tanswerthequestion.NeithercanI.如果谓语动词既有肯定又有否定，或谓语动词有多种形式，用soitiswith结构．-------Icaughtthefirstbus,Iamnotlateforwork.-------Soitiswithhim.注：有时为表示对上文情况的肯定和确认，用正常语序表“确实如此”-------HecanspeakgoodEnglish.-------Sohecan.•---Heworkshard.•----_________and_________.•A.Sohedoes…..sodoeshisbrother.•B.Sodoeshe…..sohisbrotherdoes.•C.Sohedoes…sohisbrotherdoes.•D.Sodoeshe….sodoeshisbrother.用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,often,no,neither,nor,few,atnotime,nowhere,invai徒劳notonce等词放在句首的句子。〈１〉我再也不会这么做了。NeverNevershallIdothisagain.〈２〉他不太知道那个女的是谁。LittleLittledidheknowwhothewomanwas.（2）用于否定词或短语开头的句型中2)含有否定意义的一些副词，如hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,rarely,never,not/no/neither/nor/few/nowhere/invain（徒劳)等位于句首时，引起部分倒装。还有一些表示否定意义的介词短语位于句首时，句子也要求用倒装结构，常见的这类介词短语都还有“no”,如，atnotime,innocase,bynomeans,innoway,under/innocircumstance等。innoway/case=onnooccasion=bynomeans=onnoaccount=in/undernocircumstances(决不）如，a)UndernocircumstancesshallIchangemyattitudetowardsbeauty.无论如何我都不会改变自己对美的态度。b)Atnotimeandinnocircumstancesshouldthefiredoorsofthebuildingeverbelocked.无论什么时候，什么情况下，建筑物的消防通道们都不能锁上。c)NotasinglemistakedidImake.d)Invain(无结果的，徒然)didItrytochangehismind.f)Seldomdoessheshowherfeelings,evenwhensheissaid..（(3).用于nosooner…than…，hardly…when,scarcely…when;notuntil,notonly…butalso,neither…nor…的句型中。我刚到她就走了.HardlyhadIarrivedwhensheleft．NosoonerhadIarrivedthansheleft.•“一…就…”,“刚刚….就“句型中，表示一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生。•Hardly•Scarcely+倒装句(过完)+when+陈述句(过去)•barely•Nosooner+倒装句(过完)+than+陈述句(过去)•Hardly/scarcely/barelyhadhearrivedatthestationwhenthetrainbegantoleave.•NosoonerhadIgoneoutthanhecametoseeme.3)含notuntil的强调句，如果notuntil位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构，如果是主从复合句，倒装结构出现在主句中。如，a)Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidtheresidentsrealizehowseriousthewaterpollutionwas.b)Notuntilthendidhecometorealizehowseriousthesituationwas.c)Notuntilitwasdark,didwearriveatthevillage.直到老师来了，他才写完作业。Notuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishhishomework.•Notuntil+陈述句/时间状语+倒装句•Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.•NotuntilyesterdaydidIlearnit.•(当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装•Notonly+倒装句+but(also)+陈述句•Notonlydidweloseourmoney,butalsowecameclosetolosingourlives.注：主句部分倒装，从句不倒装；并列连词连接主语成分时，句子不倒装。Notonlycouldshetypebutalsoshecouldoperatethecomputer.Hardlyhadhegotonthebuswhenheheardashout.Neitherinschoolnorathomedidheeverwashhisclothes.Notonlychildrenbutalsogrown-upsareinterestedincartoon.（4）用于only开头的句子（only后面跟副词、介词短语或状语从句）。〈1〉就是在今天下午我才看完这本小说。OnlythisafternoondidIfinishthenovel.〈2〉只有在他告诉我的时候，我才知道他的麻烦OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.。OnlythenwasIconsciousofmymistake.Onlywhenyouare18,canyouenjoythecivilrights.OnlywithhardworkcanyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlythendidshelearnaboutthetruthofhisleavingtheposition..Only修饰主语时不要求倒装。OnlyIcanfinishthistask.Onlyheknowsthetruth.注：only修饰主语时不引起倒装Onlydoctorcansavehim.OnlyIknowthefact.•当否定词Not,Notonly,Little,Few等用来限制主语时,否定词即使位于句首时,也不倒装.•Noteveryhorsecanrunfast.•Notonlyhebutalsohisbrotherwasindebt.•Fewpeopleknowit.•Littlewaterisleft.（5）用于“形容词（或名词、动词）+as（though）引导的让步状语从句中”①尽管她很漂亮，可她不聪明。Prettyassheis,sheisnotclever.②尽管他可以试一试，他还会掉下来。Tryashecould,hemightfallagain.注意:如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词(零冠词)〈1〉尽管他还是个孩子，他不得不去谋生。Childashewas,hehadtomakealiving.•形容词•名词+as/though+主语＋动词•副词•分词•动词+as+主语+助动词•Oldas/thoughheis,heisfullofenergy．•=Thoughheisold,……….•=Heisold,buthe…..•Scientistasheis,hewantstolearnmore•Muchasshelikeit,shewon’tbuyit.•Tryas/thoughhewould,hemightfailagain.•Childas/thoughhewas,hehadtomakealiving.•(6)程度副词位于句首•So,Such•Often,Well,Long,Manyatime,Nowandthen,•Tosuchaextent/degree/length/•so+adj./adv.+部分倒装•such+(adj,