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冠词的用法——冠词的定义冠词,是用来表示名词特性的一种词,它表示名词可数不可数、单数复数、任何一个还是特定的一个等。也就是说,冠词与名词是紧密连在一起的。如果用了a/an/the,不管后面是什么词,都变成了名词。所以,冠词就是放在名词前面的一种词。使用冠词有三种基本情况:1、用a/ana/an用在单数可数名词前面,表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个,相当于中文的“一个”。注意:可数的单数名词前,必须要用a/an或the.我们不能说boy,desk,dog,而必须说aboy/theboy.a用在读音为辅音开头的名词之前,而an用在读音为元音开头的名词之前。注意:这里指的是“读音”,而不仅仅指字母。例如:auniversity一所大学(虽然u是元音字母,但不读元音。)anhour一个小时(虽然h不是元音,但单词读音是元音开头)另外,a/an也可用在不可数名词前面,这时,这个不可数名词就变成了可数的单数名词,意义上也有变化。例如:glass玻璃,aglass一只玻璃杯/wood木头,awood一片树林power威力,apower大国/beauty美丽,abeauty美人,美的事物2、用thethe相当于this/that或these/those,总的用法是表示特定的人或事物。the的用法最广,不管是可数还是不可数,不管是单数还是复数,都可以用the.具体用法见下面的讲解。3、不用冠词有的时候,名词前面不用任何冠词,没有a/an/the.有的书上称为零冠词一.a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例如:aboy,auniversity,aEuropeancountry;anhour,anhonor,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella,anhonestman,ausefulbook不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)二.不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人、事或物;相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。Ahorstisananimal2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。Agirliswaitingforyou.3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。Ihaveacomputer.4.表示“每一”,相当于every.Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天课。5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.6.用在某些固定词组中:alot(of),afterawhile,afew,alittle,atatime,haveaswim,haveacold,inahurry三.定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。Thebookonthedeskismine2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Openthewindow,please.3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.4.指世界上独一无二的事物。Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook.6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。theGreatWall长城,theUnitedStates美国7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。thepoor穷人,theblind盲人8用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻俩9.用在方位词前。ontheleft在左边,inthemiddleof在中间10.用在乐器名称前。Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。theBlackSea黑海,theYangziRiver长江12.用在某些固定词组中:allthesame仍然;allthetime一直;atthemoment此刻;atthesametime同时;bytheway顺便说;dotheshopping/washing买东西/洗衣服;inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;intheopenair在户外,在野外四.零冠词的用法1.棋类,球类,一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词Playchessplayfootballhavesupper特例:当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:Icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。Where’sthefootball?那只足球在哪儿?(指足球,并非“球类运动”)2.季节,月份,星期,节假日名词前不用任何冠词.InJulyinsummeronMondayonTeachers’Day3.人名,地名,国家名前不加冠词BeijingisthecapitalofChina4.学科,语言,称呼,语职务名词前不用冠词Mathishardtolearn5.复数名词表示类别时不加冠词TheyareworkersIlikeeatingapples6.名词前已有物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时,不用冠词mybook(正);mythebook(误)7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。No.25MiddleSchool五.用与不用冠词的差异inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里infrontof在…(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在…(内部的)前面bysea乘船/bythesea在海边三、经典例题一.冠词填空:在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不需用冠词处划×。1.Thereis_______pictureof_______elephanton_______wall.2.Thisis_______usefulbook.I'vereaditfor_______hour.3._______elephantismuchheavierthan_______horse.4._______doctortoldhimtotake_______medicinethreetimes_______day.5.Let'sgooutfor_______walk.二.选择题。1.---Howabout______Christmaseveningparty?---Ishouldsayitwas______success.A.a;aB.the;aC.a;/D.the;/2.Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethat______2008BeijingOlympicGameswillbe______success.A./;aB.the;/C.the;aD.a;a3.---Couldyoutellthewayto______Johnsons’,please?---sorry,wedon’thave______Johnsonhereinthevillage.A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD.the;/4.Haveyouheard______news?Thepriceof_____petrolisgoingupagain!A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;/5.Ilookedunder_____bedandfound______bookIlostlastweek.A.the;aB.the;theC./;theD.the;\四、专项训练1.在空格内填上a或an1._____ear2.______actor3._____hen4.______toy5.______university6.______elephant7.______hat8.______umbrella9.______rabbit10.______idea11.______hour12_______honestboy13.______interestingbook14.______easyquestion2.用a,an,the或“/”填空1.________Washingtonis_______capitalof________UnitedStatesofAmerica.2.Thereis_________”A”onhispaper.3.Iate______apple.It’s_______redapple.4._______tallmanoverthereismyboss.5._______earthmovesaroundsun.6.Nonewsis________goodnews.7.HaveyouvisitedGreatWall?8.Theyoftenplayfootballafterschool.9.Arethereanybirdsinsky?10.Didyouhavebreakfastthismorning?3.选择填空1.Momtellsherlittledaughteroldstoryeverynight.A.aB./C.anD.the2.computeronthetableisSusan’s.A.AB.AnC.TheD./3.Thereismapoftheworldonwall.mapismine.A.a,a,AB.a,the,TheC.the,the,TheD.the,the,A4.Whitesliveonfloor.A./,threeB.A,thirdC.The,thirdD.The,thethird5.Springcomesafterwinter.A./,/B.The,/C.The,theD.A,the6.Iboughtshoesyesterday.shoesareverybeautiful.A.a,TheB.apairof,TheC.the,TheD.apair,Thepair7.HewassoldierintheSecondWorldWar.A.aB.anC.theD./8.Shecanplayand.A.thetennis,theguitarB.tennis,guitarC.thetennis,guitarD.tennis,theguitar9.Icanseemoonandcloudsinthesky.A.the,aB.a,aC.the,/D.the,the10.“c”isin“cat.”“s”isin“sat.”A.An,AnB.An,AC.A,AD.A,An11.Tian’anmenSquareisinBeijing.A./,/B.A,/C.The,/D./,the12.—Canyoutellmenearestbookshop?—Gostraightandturnrightat_______thirdcrossing,andyouwillseeit.A.the,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,/五、课堂总结:1)冠词的分类2)不定冠词的用法3)定冠词的用法4)零冠词的用法口语训练:用英语介绍你的家庭成员六、课后作业一、在需要的地方填入适当的冠词,不需要的地方填‘/’.Thisis_______egg.It’s_______smallegg2.Iimhas_______bighead.3.Whois_______girlingreen?4.--Doyouhave_______knife?--Yes,Ido.Ionlyhave_______smallone.5.LucyandLilylook________same.二、选择题()1.It’sorange,orangeisorange.A.a,theB.an,TheC.an,a()2.What’syourfavouritesports?highjump.A.AB
本文标题:小学英语冠词的讲解与练习
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