Henry Fielding+Tom Jones

HenryFielding(1707-1754)3.TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling1.assessment2.Abstractoftheplot3.Characterization4.Themes5.pointofview1.assessmentFielding'smasterpieceoftenknownsimplyasTomJonesacomicnovelavividandtruthfulpanoramicpictureofthe18thcenturyEnglandoneofthegreatcomicmasterpiecesofEnglishliteratureamajorforceinthedevelopmentofthenovelformItisinthisnovelthatFieldingsucceededbestincreatinga“comicepicinprose”thetheoryofwhichhehassetdowninJosephAndrewsInstructure,itfollowedthetheoryof“comicepicinprose”.18books:3sections,6bookseachclearlymarkedoutbythechangeofthescenes:thecountry,onthehighway,LondonTypeofthisnovelFirstpublishedin1749,TomJonesisamongtheearliestEnglishproseworksdescribableasanovelThenovelisbothaBildungsromannovelaPicaresquenovelBildungsromannovel成长小说；教育小说；学徒小说。。。orcoming-of-agestoryGerman:“formationnovel”aliterarygenrethatfocusesonthepsychologicalandmoralgrowthoftheprotagonistfromyouthtoadulthood(comingofage)inwhichcharacterchangeisthusextremelyimportant.ExamplesJaneEyre,byCharlotteBronte(1847)GreatExpectations,byCharlesDickens(1860–1861)MartinEden,byJackLondon(1909)OrangesAreNottheOnlyFruit,byJeanetteWinterson(1985)Picaresquenovel2.AbstractoftheplotThekindly,prosperousMr.Allworthyfindsababyboyonhisbed.Headoptsthechild,namingitTomJones.Allworthy’ssisterBridgetmarriesCaptainBlifil,theyhaveason.TomandtheyoungBlifilareraisedtogether.YearslaterarivalryovertheattentionofSophiaWesternarisesbetweenthem.Tomisexpelledfromthehousebecauseofanaffairwiththegame-keeper’sdaughterMollySeagrimBlifil’streacheryHisadventuresinthepicaresquesectionofthenovelanaffairwithLadyBallastonnearlykillinghisopponentinaduelimprisonedMeanwhileSophiafleestoLondontoescapethemarriagewithBlifil.JennyJonesturnsuptorevealthatBridgetisthemotherofTom.Blifil’scrueltiestoTomovertheyearsareexposed-BlifilknewthetruthofTom’sbirth.TommarriesSophia,whoforgiveshimforhisinfidelities,andTombecomestheheirofAllworthy.Mrs.WatersalsorevealsthatTom'smotherwasBridgetAllworthy.SquaresendsAllworthyaletterexplainingthatTom'sconductduringAllworthy'sillnesswashonorableandcompassionate.TomisreleasedfromjailandheandAllworthyarereunitedasnephewanduncle.Mrs.MillerexplainstoSophiathereasonsforTom'smarriageproposaltoLadyBellaston,andSophiaissatisfied.NowthatTomisAllworthy'sheir,SquireWesterneagerlyencouragesthemarriagebetweenTomandSophia.SophiachastisesTomforhislackofchastity,butagreestomarryhim.TheylivehappilyonWestern'sestatewithtwochildren,andshowereveryonearoundthemwithkindnessandgenerosity.3.Characterization(1)TomJones(2)MasterBlifil(3)SophiaWestern(4)Mr.Allworthy(1)Tomupright,frank,kind-heartedalwaysreadytohelpothersandneveroncetriestoharmanyoneforhisownbenefitsometimesmaybeveryrashandcommitratherseriouserrors,particularlyinhisrelationswithwomen.(2)BlifilTom’shalf-brotherTomandBlifilstandinsharpcontrast.pretendstobeextremelymoralandselfless,butactuallyhealwaysthinksuptricksAlthoughheappearsatfirsttobeavirtuouscharacter,hishypocrisysoonexposesitself—Blifilpretendstobepiousandprincipled,butgreedgovernshim.(3)Sophiaa“gentlewoman”Fielding’sbeautiful,generousheroinethedaughteroftheviolentSquireWestern.Sherepresentstheyoungwomenofthedaywithsufficientcourageandindependencetodefythebadworld.SophiamanagestoreconcilethroughhercourageandpatienceherloveforTomherfilialdutytoherfatherherhatredforBlifil(4)Mr.AllworthyMr.Allworthyisjustwhathisnameimplies--allworthy.Allworthyhasareputationbecauseofhisbenevolent,altruisticbehavior.--------------------------------------------------------altruistic[læltrulistik]adj.利他主义的,无私的Themoralyardstickofthenovel,Allworthy’sonlyfaultisthat—duetohisgoodness—hecannotperceivetheevilinothers.---------------------------------------yardstickn.码尺，衡量的标准perceivev.察觉Fielding’sattitudes:condemnsBlifilastheembodimentofthesocialevilsofhisdaypraisesTomwhorepresentsthesimplefolkTomandSophia:rebelsofthesociety4.Themes(1)SocialcriticismFromthisnovelwecanseethenovelist’sstronghatredforallthehypocrisyandtreacheryinthesocietyofhisagesympathyforthecourageousyoungrebelsintheirrighteousstruggle(2)VirtueandviceThehighlightedvirtueisprudence,andthefeaturedvicesarehypocrisyandvanity.(3)Theimpossibilityofstereotypical(老套的)categorization“philosophicalHistory”a“Romance”an“epi-comicprosaicpoem”“thefounderofanewProvince(领域)ofWriting”5.pointofviewThenarratorpredominantlyspeaksinthefirstpersonsingular,butoccasionallyslipsintoaVictorianfirstpersonplural“we”.Thelastquarterofthenovelispartlyepistolary,withlettersembeddedintheprose.Thenarratorisessentiallyomniscientandfluctuatesbetweenthemindsofvariouscharacters.ColeridgedeclaredthattheplotofTomJoneswasoneofthethreeperfectplotsinallliterature,theotherswereBenJonson’sAlchemist,本琼生《炼金术士》Sophocles’sOedipusRex,索福克勒斯《俄狄浦斯王》TomJones(UK)第36届奥斯卡金像奖最佳影片第36届奥斯卡金像奖最佳导演托尼·理查森第36届奥斯卡金像奖最佳音乐约翰·爱迪生第36届奥斯卡金像奖最佳改编剧本4.Amelia1752《阿美利亚》V.FeaturesofFielding’sNovelsA.authorialnarrativevoiceFielding’smethodofrelatingastoryistellingthestorydirec