二语习得(1)

WelcometothecourseofSecondLanguageAcquisitionCourseobjectives•Studentswillbeabletobetterdescribethepsychologicalandlinguisticprocessesofsecondlanguageacquisition•Studentswillbeabletobetteridentifywhatinternalandexternalfactorshelpaccountforwhylearnersdoordonotacquireasecondlanguage•Studentswillbeabletobetterexplainhowsuchfactorsaffectstudents'classroomperformance•Studentswillbeabletohaveagreaterunderstandingoftheliteratureinthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisitionanddevelopgreaterskillsincriticallyreading,understanding,anddissectingthatliterature•Studentswillbeabletorelateissuesdiscussedinclasstopast,current,andprospectivelearning/teachingexperiencesandtotheirfutureformalandinformalresearchCourseBook•Ellis,R.1985.UnderstandingSecondLanguageAcquisition.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.References•1.A.D.Cohen,《学习和运用第二语言的策略》StrategiesinLearningandUsingaSecondLanguage,2000年，北京：外语教育与研究出版社•2.Ellis,R.1997.SecondLanguageAcquisition.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.•3.Ellis,Rod.1994.TheStudyofSecondLanguageAcquisition.OxfordUniversityPress.•4.Gass,S.M.andSelinker,L.1994.SecondLanguageAcquisition:AnIntroductoryCourse.Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum.•5.Krashen,S.1981.SecondLanguageAcquisitionandSecondLanguageLearning.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.•6.Larsen-Freeman,《第二语言习得研究概况》AnIntroductiontoSecondLanguageAcquisition,1991,LongmanGroupUKLtd.2000年，北京：外语教育与研究出版社•7.Lightbown,P.M.andSpada,N.1999.HowLanguagesareLearned.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.•8.Littlewood,William.1990.ForeignandSecondLanguageLearning.CambridgeUniversityPress.•9.McLaughlin,B.1987.TheoriesofSecondLanguageAcquisition.London:EdwardArnold.•10.VivianCook,《语言学和第二语言习得》LinguisticsandSecondLanguageAcquisition,1993,MacmillanPublishersLtd.2000年，北京：外语教育与研究出版社CourseoutlineL1IntroductiontoSLAandSLAresearchL2TheroleofthefirstlanguageL3The‘natural’routeofdevelopmentL4Contextualvariationinlanguage-learnerlanguageL5IndividuallearnerdifferencesL6TheroleoftheinputL7Learnerprocesses(Learnerstrategies)L8Learnerprocesses(TheuniversalhypothesisandSLA)L9TheroleofformalinstructionL10TheoriesofsecondlanguageacquisitionCoursecomponents•Lectures•Discussions•Assignments•ResearchCourseassessmentAttendanceandparticipationinclassdiscussion(10%)Assignment(20%)Coursepaper(70%)RemindersEverystudentisexpectedtoparticipateinclassdiscussion;Everystudentisencouragedtoofferadviceconcerningclassimprovement;EverystudentneedstoprepareanotebooktorecordinterestingphenomenainsecondlanguageacquisitionLecture1IntroductiontoSLAandSLAresearch•Task:pairwork.TellyourpartnerthekeyissuesinthestudyofSLASecondLanguageAcquisition1.DefinitionofSLA2.OriginofSecondLanguageAcquisition3.PositionofSLA4.SignificanceofstudyingSLA5.KeyissuesinthestudyofSLA5.1Theroleofthefirstlanguage5.2The‘natural’routeofdevelopment5.3Contextualvariationinlanguage-learnerlanguage5.4Individuallearnerdifferences5.5Theroleoftheinput5.6Learnerprocesses5.7Theroleofformalinstruction6.Theoriesofsecondlanguageacquisition1.DefinitionofSecondLanguageAcquisition•Theterm‘secondlanguageacquisition’referstothesubconsciousorconsciousprocessesbywhichalanguageotherthanthemothertongueislearntinanaturaloratutoredsetting.•Itcoversthedevelopmentofphonology,lexis,grammar,andpragmaticknowledge,buthasbeenlargelyconfinedtomorphosyntax.•Theprocessmanifestsbothvariableandinvariablefeatures.•ThestudyofSLAisdirectedataccountingforthelearner’scompetence,butinordertodosohassetouttoinvestigateempiricallyhowalearnerperformswhenheorsheusesasecondlanguage.LinguisticcompetenceandlinguisticperformanceLinguisticcompetencereferstotheinternalizedknowledgeofthelanguagethatanativespeakerofthatlanguagepossesses.Linguisticperformancereferstotheactualutterancesproducedbythenativespeakers.2.OriginofSecondLanguageAcquisitionInthe1960s,manyresearchers’attentionwasshiftedfromtheteachingprocesstothelearningprocess.Itwasthisshiftthatintroducedanewresearchfieldwhichhascometobeknownassecondlanguageacquisition.MostresearchersdatethebeginningoftheSLAfieldwithCorder’sarticle“Thesignificanceoflearners’errors”,publishedin1967,orSelinker’s“Interlanguage”,publishedin1972.Earlysecondlanguageacquisition1.UrielWeinreich--interferenceLanguageincontact(1953)2.RobertLado--contrastiveanalysis,LinguisticsAcrossCultures(1957)3.Chomsky--1960sviewsoffirstlanguageacquisition;theindependentgrammarsassumptionandthelanguageacquisitiondevice4.LarrySelinker--Approximativesystemsandinterlanguage(1972)5.PitCorder--Erroranalysis(1967,1971,1981)3.ThePositionofSecondLanguageAcquisitionMicro:Phonetics,Phonology,Morphology,Syntax,SemanticsLinguistics(SLA)Macro:SocialLinguistics,Neurolinguistics,………………..Appliedlinguistics—SLA(SLA)4.Whystudysecondlanguageacquisition•1.ThestudyofSLAisfascinatinginitsownright.Understandingitrequiresdrawinguponknowledgeofpsychology,linguistics,sociology,anthropology,psycholinguistics,sociolinguisticsandneurolinguistics,amongothers.•2.ThemostobviousbeneficiaryofanincreasedunderstandingofSLAisthesecondlanguageteachingprofession.SLAresearchisasourceofinsightintotheteaching/learningprocess.•3.