culinary-delights-in-china-中国烹饪的乐趣

Universallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestcuisinesofworld,中餐被公认为全球最佳美食之一，ChinesefoodinallitsvarietyandcomplexityisunquestionablyoneofthefinestpleasuresavisitorcanexperienceinChina.其种类之丰富，工艺之繁复，使其理所当然地成为游客大快朵颐的乐事之一。CULINARYDELIGHTSINCHINA中国美食1，ChinesecuisineisabrilliantfacetofChineseculture,中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线，whichisprovenbythefactthatChineserestaurantsarefoundscatteredeverywherethroughouttheworld.这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。Today,theculinaryindustryisdevelopingevenmorerapidlythanbefore.当今，烹饪业正以前所未有的速度在发展。Adecadeago,Beijinghadafewthousandrestaurants,10年前，北京只有几千家餐馆，whiletodaythereareover100,000restaurantsofdifferentsizesinthecity.而今天却有10万多家大小不等的餐馆遍布市内。2，RegionalChineseCuisines地方美食ItiswidelyacknowledgedthatfromtheMing（1368-1644）dynastiesonwards,thereareeightmajorschoolsofcuisinebasedonregionalcooking.众所周知，明朝以来出现了八大菜系，TheycamefromShangdong,Sichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hunan,andAnhuiprovinces.分别是山东菜、四川菜、广东菜、福建菜、江苏菜、浙江菜、湖南菜和安徽菜。Inadditiontothesetraditionalcuisines,theculinaryindustryinChinahasundergonegreatchanges,除了这些传统菜系，中国的烹饪业也经历了巨大的变化：asalmosteveryplacehasitownlocalspecialties,每个地方都形成了自己的特色菜，andasthedifferrentcuisinesgathertogetherinbigcities,suchasBeijing.不同菜系汇集于诸如北京这样的大城市。3，Sichuan,knownasNature'sStorehouse,isalsoastorehouseofcuisine.被誉为“天府之国”的四川也是个美食之都。Here,eachandeveryrestaurantprovidesdeliciousyeteconomicalculinaryfare.在那里的任何一家餐馆都能找到既可口又经济实惠的美食。TheingredientsforSichuancuisinearesimplebutthespicesusedarequitedifferent.川菜的原料虽简单，但调料却大有讲究。Sichuancuisineisfamousforitsspicyandhotfood,川菜以口味辣著称，yetjustbeinghotandspicydoesnotnecessarilydistinguishitfromotherhotandspicycuisinessuchasHunanorGuizhoucuisines.但仅是口味辣还不能使川菜区别于其他辣口味的菜系，比如湖南菜和贵州菜。WhatisreallyspecialaboutSichuancuisineistheuseofChinesepricklyashseeds,川菜的特别之处在于花椒的使用。thetasteofwhichleavesafeelingofnumbnessonone'stongueandmouth.尝过花椒之后，人们的舌头和嘴巴会留下酥麻的感觉。Besidesthisuniquespice,Sichuandishesarealsousuallypreparedwithotherspicessuchaschilipepper.除了花椒之外，川菜还常用辣椒粉之类的调料。Usingfermentedbeansauceandasetofuniquecookingmethods,因使用豆豉作配料，再加上一套独特的烹饪方式，Sichuancuisineisnowfamousandpopularacrosstheworld.如今川菜在全世界都十分有名和受欢迎。Inrecentyears,therehaveappearedmanymorerenownedrestaurantsspecializinginSichuancuisine,近几年涌现了一大批著名的专做川菜的餐馆，suchastheTanFamilyFishHeadrestaurant.比如谭鱼头。4，GuangdongProvinceislocatedinsouthernChina,广东省在中国南部，withamoderateclimateandabundantproduceallyearround.全年气候温和，物产丰富。Asoneoftheearliestportsopentoforeigntrade,它还是最早对外开放的通商口岸之一。theprovincehasdevelopedaculinaryculturewithitsowncharacteristics广东的餐饮文化独具特色，thathasexertedafar-reachinginfluenceonotherpartsofChinaaswellasthroughouttheworldwhereitisthemostcommonlyavailableChinesecuisine.对中国其他地方乃至全世界产生了深远的影响。Guangdongcuisineisfamousforitsseafoodaswellasforitsoriginalityandrefinedcookingprocesses.广东菜以其好生猛海鲜、追求新奇、细致考究的烹饪方法而著称。Varioussoupsinthiscuisinearelovedbypeoplealloverthecountry.广东菜中的各式煲汤如今已深受全国各地人民喜爱。5，Zhejiangcuisineislightandexquisite,浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，andistypicaloffoodfromalongthelowerYangtzeRiver.是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。OnefamousdishisWestLakeVinegarFish,西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。whichlooksprettyandhasthedelicaterefreshingflavorsofnature.这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。ManyChineserestaurantsinChina,aswellasinotherpartsoftheworld,servethisdish,中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，butoftentheflavorislessauthenticcomparedtothatfoundinHangzhou,capitalofZhejiangProvince,但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。whichhasuniqueaccesstothefishandwaterofWestLake.因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。6，EveryDishHasaStory每道菜都有一段故事ThenamesofChinesedishesarediverse,中国菜名五花八门，butbehindeachofthefamousdishesisaninterestingstoryexplainingwhyitispopular.而每道名菜都有一段有趣的故事，说明它如何博得人们的喜爱。Agoodnamecanmakethedishmoreinteresting;一个好名字能使这道菜更有意思；however,somenamesaresoeccentricthattheymayconfusepeople,bothChineseandforeigners.但有些菜名太怪异了，听起来让人一头雾水，不要说外国人难以理解，就是中国人往往也不是很清楚。Ifyouonlytranslatethenamesliterallywithnoexplanation,youcouldmakeafoolofyourself.你要是望文生义，准得闹出笑话来。7，TakeGoubulisteamedbunsinthecityofTianjinforexample.拿天津“狗不理”包子来说吧。Thesepopularbunsareallofthesamesizeandhandmade.“狗不理”纯手工制作，大小均等，深受欢迎。Whenservedinneatrowsonatray,theylooklikebuddingchrysanthemumflowers.这些包子整整齐齐地放在托盘上时，看上去就像是含苞欲放的菊花。Thewrappingisthin,thefillingsarejuicy,themeattenderandthetastedeliciousandnotatallgreasy.皮儿很薄，馅儿饱蘸肉汁，口感柔软，香而不腻。Then,whythename？可为什么叫“狗不理”呢?8，Thereisaninterestingstorybehindit.“狗不理”的背后有一段有趣的故事。GoubulisteamedbunswerefirstsoldinTianjinabout150yearsago.大约150年前，“狗不理”包子在天津初次亮相。AlocalmanbythenameofGouzi（Dog）workedasanapprenticeinashopsellingbaozi（steamedbuns）.当地有个小伙子，名叫狗子，在一家包子店当学徒。Afterthreeyears,hesetuphisownbaozishop.三年后，自己单独开了一家包子店。Becausehisbunsweresodelicious,他做的包子味道鲜美，hesoonhadathrivingbusinesswithmoreandmorepeoplecomingtobuyhisbuns.因此生意十分红火，吸引了越来越多的顾客。AshardworkingasGouziwas,hecouldnotkeepupwithdemand狗子工作十分卖力，可他还是满足不了大家的需要，sohiscustomersoftenhadtowaitalongtimetobeserved.顾客们只得等很长时间。Impatient,somepeoplewouldcallouttourgehimon,有些顾客等得不耐烦了，就在外面嚷嚷着催他快点，butashewassobusypreparingthebuns,hedidn'tanswer.可狗子忙着做包子呢，哪有时间搭理。PeoplethereforecametocallhisbunsGoubuli,后来人们就把他做的包子称作“狗不理”，meaning“Gouzipaysnoattention”.意思是“狗子不搭理他们”。Thiseccentricname,however,hashadverygoodpromotio