2014年10月自考《英语一》讲义 Unit 11_(含课文、生词表、课后练习及答案)

Unit11EffectiveCommunicationAFAMOUSQUOTEThinklikeawisemanbutcommunicateinthelanguageofthepeople.——WilliamYeats像智者那样思考，像大众那样交流。——威廉·叶芝WilliamYeats（1865-1939）,Irishpoet,playwright,andperhapsthegreatestpoetofthe20thcentury.HewontheNobelPrizeinliteraturein1923andwastheleaderoftheIrishLiteraryRenaissance.威廉·叶芝（1865-1939），爱尔兰诗人、剧作家，可能是20世纪最伟大的诗人。叶芝曾经赢得1923年的诺贝尔文学奖，他是“爱尔兰文艺复兴运动”的领袖。SpeakingActivityTalkingaboutFutureEventsSampleDialogueReadthefollowingconversation.Payattentiontohowthespeakerstalkaboutfutureevents.Jack:AreyougoingtoLondonnextweek?Ann:Yes.Jack:It'srathercoldthere.Ann:Yes.I'mafraidIcouldn'tfallasleepatnight.Jack:Haveyoureservedahotel?Ann:Yes.HolidayInn.Jack:HolidayInnisofferingahumanbed-warmingserviceatthreehotelsinBritainthismonth.Ann:Ahumanbed-warmingservice?Jack:Yes.Ifrequested,abed-warmeratthehotelwilldressinafleecesleepersuitbeforeslippingbetweenthesheets.Ann:Thatsoundsgreat,butIhopethewarmerwillshowerfirst.GuidedPracticeDirections:Askyourpartnerwhathe/sheplanstododuringthecomingvacation.Youmayusethefollowingtipstohelpyou.Areyougoingto…nextweek?…isoffering…serviceHowlongwillyoustay…?Iwill…for…Thatsoundsgreat,butIhope...TextANewWord1、frustratedadj.feelingannoyedandimpatientbecauseyoucannotdoorachievewhatyouwant懊恼的；沮丧的2、anxiousadj.feelingworriedornervous焦虑的；忧虑的；担心的3、essentialadj.completelynecessary;extremelyimportantinaparticularsituationorforaparticularactivity必不可少的；极其重要的4、co-workern.apersonthatsomebodyworkswith,doingthesamekindofjob合作者；同事5、passivelyadv.acceptingwhathappensorwhatpeopledowithouttryingtochangeanythingoropposethem消极地；被动地6、establishv.tostarthavingarelationship,especiallyaformalone,withanotherperson,grouporcountry建立（尤指正式关系）7、tipn.asmallpieceofadviceaboutsomethingpractical指点；实用的提示8、nonverbaladj.notinvolvingwordsorspeech不涉及言语的；非言语的9、percentagen.thenumber,amount,rateofsomething,expressedasifitispartofatotalwhichis100;apartorshareofawhole百分率；百分比10、tonen.thequalityofsomebody'svoice,especiallyexpressingaparticularemotion语气；腔调；口吻11、facialadj.connectedwithaperson'sface;onaperson'sface面部的12、truthfullyadv.givingthetruefactsaboutsomething真实地；如实地13、mannern.thewaythatsomebodybehavesandspeakstowardsotherpeople举止；态度14、signaln.amovementorsoundthatyoumaketogivesomebodyinformation,instructions,awarning,etc.信号；暗号15、pointofviewn.theparticularattitudeoropinionthatsomebodyhasaboutsomething观点；态度；意见16、echov.torepeatwhatsomebodyelsehasjustsaid重复（别人的话）17、rephrasev.tosayorwritesomethingusingdifferentwordsinordertomakethemeaningclearer换个说法说，改变词句18、performv.todosomething,suchasapieceofwork,taskorduty做；履行；执行19、techniquen.aparticularwayofdoingsomething,especiallyoneinwhichyouhavetolearnspecialskills技巧；技艺；工艺20、temptationn.thedesiretodoorhavesomethingthatyouknowisbadorwrong引诱；诱惑PhrasesandExpressions1、beawareoftoknoworrealizesomething知道；意识到2、beresponsiblefortobethecauseofsomething作为原因；成为起因3、put…asidetoignoreorforgetsomething,usuallyafeelingordifferenceofopinion忽视；不理睬；忘记TextAActiveListeningPre-readingQuestions1.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfturningadeafeartoyourfriends?2.Whatkindofbodylanguagedoyourfriendsandyourselfuse?ActiveListeningDoyouevergetfrustratedwhenyourealizethatthepersonyou'vebeentalkingtowasnotreallylisteningatall?Doothersevercomplainthatyoudon'tlisten?Don'tbetooanxiousiftheanswertoeitherorbothquestionsisyes.Althoughwemaynotbeawareofit,manyofushavepoorlisteningskills,andstronglisteningskillsareimportantforeveryone,notonlyforsecondlanguagelearners.Goodcommunicationisessentialtoforminggoodrelationshipswithpeopleofallkinds,fromfamily,friendsandneighbourstoco-workers,bossesandevengovernmentofficials!Weoftenfocusonsayingwhatwewanttosayinaneffectivewayandforgetthatlisteningcarefullytoothersisjustasimportant.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanlearnhowtoimproveourlisteningskills.Onekeytoimprovementisdevelopingactivelisteningskills.Muchofthetimewelistenpassively.Bymakinganefforttolistenactively,wecanimproveourlearningskillsandestablishsuccessfulrelationshipsmoreeasily.Hereareafewtipstohelpyoustartlisteningmoreactively:Firstly,neverunderestimatetheimportanceofnonverbalcommunication.Nonverbalsimplymeanswithoutwords.Onestudyfoundthatnonverbalfactorswereresponsiblefor93percentofcommunicationeffectiveness.Whilenotallexpertsagreethatthepercentageisashighasthis,theydoagreethatnonverbalcommunicationisextremelypowerful.①So,whenyoulistentoanotherperson,paycloseattentiontotheirtoneofvoice,facialexpressionandbodylanguage.Sometimes,forexample,aperson'swordsmaybepositivebuttheirnonverbalcommunicationisnot.Whenaperson'swordsdonotagreewiththeirnonverbalsignals,youmayneedtoconsiderhowtruthfullytheyarespeaking.Also,youcanusenonverbalmethodstoencourageanotherpersontocommunicatewithyou.Makingeyecontact,usingfriendlyfacialexpressionsandhavingarelaxedandopenmannerareallhelpful.Youcanusenonverbalsignalssuchasnodsoftheheadorsmilestoletthespeakerknowyouareinterestedandtrulylisteningwithoutinterruptingtheirspeechtoomuch.Anotherkeytoactivelisteningishavinganopenmind.Doyourbesttoputyourownfeelingsandopinionsasidewhileyoulisten,andencouragethespeakertofullyexpre