Grammar 定语从句和非限制性定语从句

Module2Unit1CulturalRelicsGrammar1.Ac_____relicisoftensomethingoldthatremindsusofthepast.2.Bothparentswerekilledbytheearthquake,butthechildrens_______.3.Thatdictionaryb______tothelibraryisofgreatusefortheEnglishbeginners.4.TheGreatWallofChinaispubliclyrecognizedasoneofthew_______oftheworld.5.W_____bridgesarenotstrongerthanstoneones.6.TheNewYearhereisoftenc___________withadanceparty.7.Therobberwhokilledashopownerwillbeont________nextweek.8.Hep_______tobereadinganimportantpaperwhenthebossentered.9.Thet_________dugoutoftheearthwasaboxofgoldcoins.10.Canyoushowmeanye________foryourstatement(陈述)?1.cultural2.survived3.belonging4.wonders5.Wooden6.celebrated7.trial8.pretended9.treasure10.evidenceI.Revision(1)完成句子1.她坚持说她听到屋里有人。Sheinsistedthat________________________inthehouse.2.你对这位新老师的印相如何？_______________________ofthenewteacker?3.这对我们是否有好处，还有等着看。Whetheritwilldousgood______________________.4.国家元首在政治中起关键作用。The_____________________akeyroleinpolitics.5.他门在与邻国作战。Theyare_______________theirneighbouringcountry.sheheardsomeoneWhat’syouropinionremainstobeseenheadofstateplayedatwarwith(2)句型转换6.Whattheteacheradvisedustodowasofgreatvalue.Whattheteacheradvisedustodowas__________________.7.Thetwolivingroomsareequalinsize.Thetwolivingroomsare_______thesame__________.8.Iplannedtoaskmyassistanttowritethereport.Iplannedto________thereport______bymyassistant.9.Wedon’thaveanydoubtthatourtabletennisteamwillwinthefirstplace._______isno_______thatourtabletennisteamwillwinthefirstplace.10.Thetheoryprovedtobetrue._______canbe________thatthetheorywastrue.veryvaluableofsizehave/getwrittenTheredoubtItproved一、定语从句的定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。eg:1.DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?2.ThedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillmakeatriptoBritain.定语从句归纳总结二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.三、关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose√√√√√√√主语宾语宾语主语宾语主语宾语定语Eg:1.Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie.2.Heisthemodelworkerwhom/whoweshouldlearnfrom.3.Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords.4.ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest.5.Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends.6.Thehousewhoseroofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.四、关系代词which和that的区别：A.关系代词必须用that的情形：1、当先行词被形容词的最高级所修饰ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.2、当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstcarthatarrivedatthedestinationwasdrivenbyJohn.3、当先行词被theonly,thevery等修饰ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.4、当先行词为不定代词时或被不定代词修饰时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.5、当先行词既指人又指物时Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation.B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用whichThisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.五、关系副词when,where,why的用法关系副词都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+which1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2.Thisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.六、as引导定语从句，多与such和thesame连用，在从句中作主语或宾语。1.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.2.Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.3.Wouldyoupleasebuymethesamenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday,Mum?4.Asweallknow,Johnisanhonestman.比较：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMarry’swedding.七、注意事项：1、关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分a、Thisistheplacewhereheworks.Thisistheplacewhich(that)wevisitedlastyear.b、Thatwasthetimewhenhearrived.Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat(which)wespenttogether?c、Thisisthereasonwhyhewent.Thereasonthat(which)hegaveuswasquitereasonable.2、关系代词放在介词后面，只能用which或whoma.Thisistheboywithwhomheworked.b.Thisistheboywhomheworkedwith.c.Thisistheboywhoheworkedwith.d.Thisistheboyheworkedwith.e.Thehousewhereweliveisnotlarge.f.Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.g.Thehousewhichweliveinisnotlarge.h.Thehouseweliveinisnotlarge.八、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如：a)Whatisthenameofthetallwomanwhoisstandingthere?站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?b)Torontoisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。c)Thewoman(that/whom/who)Ispoketojustnowisournewhead.刚才和她说话的那位是我们新来的负责人。d)October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。2．非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。如：a)Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。c)Helentmeadictionary,whichwasjustwhatIneeded.他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。eg.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导定语从句。eg.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的