直接宾语和间接宾语

直接宾语和间接宾语直接引述别人的原话。通常都用引号“”括起来。用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化“Idon’tlikecomputers,”SarahsaidtoherfriendsSarahsaidtoherfriendsSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Whydoyoufallasleepinclass?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhyhefellasleepinclass直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.并根据语气的不同在动词不定前加tell,ask,order,beg，advise等动词。直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化•陈述句•用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat•Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.一般疑问句•间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序•Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”•HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.特殊疑问句•原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序•Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry选择疑问句•用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…•Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”•HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.•Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”•Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.•谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：•1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变•Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变Thechildrensaid,“WelovethisgameTheytoldusthattheylovethatgame.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:1.当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候2.当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时3.当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时4.当引语是谚语、格言时5.当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时