八年级定语从句专项讲解谭海迪

TheAttributiveClause定语从句主要要点•定语从句的定义•定语从句的作用和结构•定语从句引导词的作用•定语从句专项练习定语从句的定义•1.在复合句中，修饰某一个名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句。它位于被修饰的词后面，其作用相当于一个形容词。•2.如何区分定语从句？•简单句aredcoat•定语（作coat的定语，起限定的作用）•定语从句复合句Ihaveacoatwhichisred•定语从句（来限定说明coat）•先行词关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）定语从句的作用和结构•1.定语从句必须有先行词,并尽量靠近先行词.•Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?•ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.•2.在定语从句中,引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。关联词在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词做状语。•3主要的关系代词who,whom,whose，关系副词有why,where,when•■关系代词who,whom的用法•who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如：•Imetagirlwhoknewyoursister.我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。•InBerlin,hefirstmetthewomanwhomhewouldonedaymarry.在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。•但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who,that代之。如：•ThepersontowhomIcomplainedisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。•Theperson(who,whom,that)Icomplainedtoisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。•关系代词的作用•■关系代词whose的用法•关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：•Sheisthewomanwhosecarwasstolen.她就是汽车被盗的•Thisisthehousewhosewindowswerebroken.这就是窗户被打破了的房子。•Mrs.Gray,whosechildrenareincollege,istryingtogetajob.格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。•Hishouse,whosewindowswereallbroken,wasadepressingsight.他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。关系代词which的用法•which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：•（1）Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。•（2）Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehadlenthim.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。•which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略：•Isthisthebook（which）youarelookingfor？(lookfor寻找)这是你要找的书吗？关系代词that用法•一、指人的用法•that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：•Adriverthathasknockedsomeonedownmuststop.•撞人的司机必须停车。•Heisthemanthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.•他就是你要找的那个人。•Heisnotthatmanthathewas.•他已不是过去的他了。•二、指物的用法•that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：•ThisistheplanethatwillflytoTokyointheafternoon.•这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。•ShewasannoyedbysomethingthatIhadsaid.•她为我说的某句话而不高兴。•Shengzhenisnotthecitythatitusedtobe.•深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。•1、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修饰时•(1)Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.Lihassaid?•(2)Thereseemstobenothing(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.•(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.•(4)Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.•注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who•(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.•只能用that的地方•2、当先行词被序数词修饰•ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.•3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时•ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.•4、当形容词被thevery,theonly，thesame,thelast,any,little等修饰时•(1)ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy,•(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.•当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who•(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting？•5、当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时•(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?•(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?•6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时•Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?•7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语•Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago.•8.当在therebe句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which不用that的情况•(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。•(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.•(b)介词后不能用。•Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.•Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.关系副词•关系副词：在句中作状语•关系副词=介词+关系代词•why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)•when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用•(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.•(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.•where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语•(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.•(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.•why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语•(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.•(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.•注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换•(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,•(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.Exercise1:用关系代词填空1.Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.2.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.3.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.4.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise2.1.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.2.Sayall________youknow.3.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthatJacksawabicycleadvertisementinanewspaper.Thepricewas68dollars.Sohewenttotheshopandaskedtoseethebicycle.Thesalesmanwashappytoshowhim.Jackcheckedthebicyclecarefully.Soon,hesaid,“Thereisn’talamponthisbicycle,buttherewasoneonthebicycleinthead.”“Yes,sir,”answeredtheman,“butthelampisn’tincludedinthepriceofthebicycle.“Notincludedinthepriceofthebicycle?