小学英语课件-被动语态-冀教版

go英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。(把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语，这是最关键的着眼点，同时谓语动词作相应的变化。)被动语态的谓语构成:助动词be＋动词过去分词1.BananasaregrowninHainan.海南种植香焦。2.Manymoretreeswillbeplantedinourschoolnextyear.我们学校明年将种更多的树。3.Werethetreesplantedbyhim？这些树是他种的吗？4.Youngtreesmustbelookedafter.必须照看好小树。5.Thebuildingisbeingbuilt.那栋楼房正在建设中。6.Thehomeworkhasbeenfinishedyet.家庭作业已经做完了。了解被动语态被动语态构成：be+P.P2、形式:1）一般现在时：am/is/are+P.P1.英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态2)一般过去时：was/were+P.P3)情态动词+be+P.P4)一般将来时：will+be+p.p5)现在完成时：have/has+been+P.P6)现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+P.P什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：①不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。③需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语＋谓语＋宾语被动语态:例：Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.（主动）[注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。主语＋＋（by+宾语）be+过去分词Ourclassroomiscleaned（byus）everyday（被动）1.HeteachesEnglishinourschool.Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.语态转换宾提前变主,主变介by宾,动be加done,时态看主动。一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyears.Manytreeswereplantedbyuslastyear.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+P.P3.Weshouldplantmanymoretrees.Manymoretreesshouldbeplantedbyus.含情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+P.P4.ShewillteachClass6.Class6willbetaughtbyher.一般将来时的被语态：Will/shall+be+P.P5.Manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace.Satelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.现在完成时的被动语态:Have/has+been+P.P现在进行时的被动态：be+being+P.P6.SheisteachingClass6.Class6isbeingtaughtbyher.Iwasgivenabookbyher.Abookwasgiventomebyher.7.Shegavemeabook.如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for不能丢。如：（pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…）8.Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来（feel,listento,hear,let,have,make,lookat,see,watch...使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表go在被动语态中要注意的问题在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。①一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感观动词(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：A.Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.B.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.C.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.D.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.[注意]当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动)9.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。FillintheblankswiththePassiveVoice.1、Tea_______(grow)inFujian.2、Chinese__________(speak)inChina.3、Thebed__________(use)forsleeping.4、Ourclassroom_________(clean)everyday.5、Thecars__________(make)inBeijing.isgrownisspokenisusediscleanedaremade将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Thework_______________intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Silk___________inSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsong_______________bythechildren.4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.It___________________byyounow.5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCard_________mebyLucylastweek.6.Hemademedothatforhim.I__________________thatforhim.7.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbook_________________tothelibrary.canbefinishedisproducedwillbesungneedn’tbedonewassenttowasmadetodohasbeengiven把下列主动句改为被动句①Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday.(主动)②Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.（主动）③Wehavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.（主动）→Manylettersarewritten（byLily）everyday.→Thisfarmwasvisitedbythemlastyear.→3000Englishwordshavebeenlearnedbyussofar.翻译下列句子1.电视机关掉了。TheTVsetwasturnedoff.2.那小偷被抓住了。Thethiefwascaught.3.所有的窗户都被打破了。Allthewindowswerebroken.归纳总结方法把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、、”来进行。即：①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：①ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishbymanypeople.②Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoesbyhimyesterday.isspokenwerewashed一变二套三注意各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表把下列主动句改为被动句1.Theboycleanedthedeskamomentago.Thedesk_______bytheboyamomentago.2.Wewillplant2000treesnextyear.2000trees_______byusnextyear.3.Youmustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.Theroom_______cleanandtidybyyou.4.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Thethief______bythepolice.5.Thefarmersarecuttingdownthetreesonthehill.Thetreesonthehill______downbythefarmers.6.Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday.Manyletters___everydaybyLily.7.Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.Thisfarm______bythemlastyear.