世纪商务英语-外贸英语实务答案

Unit11.FInternationaltradeisonlytheexchangeofgoodsbetweennations.2.TCountriestradewitheachotherpartlybecauseofcostadvantages.3.TTrademeanscountriescanprovideawidervarietyofproductsfortheirconsumers4.TInternationaltradecangreatlyexpandthemarket,whichenablesthesupplierstotakeadvantageofeconomiesofscale.5.TExchangeratefluctuationsmaycreatemanyproblemsforinternationaltrade.Exchangeratefluctuationsmaycreatemanyproblemsforinternationaltrade6.TStillinsomecases,politicalreasonscanoutweigheconomicconsiderationsbetweencountries.7.TWhenweprovideshippinginsuranceserviceforforeigners,itcanbeseenasanexampleofinvisibletrade.8.FTradesurplusmeansthatacountry’simportsexceeditsexports.9.TTariffandquotasaretheexamplesoftradebarriers.10.TAdutyleviedonaspecificshipmentcanbeanimport,aprotectiveandacompounddutyatthesametime.1.___________isthereasonwhyinternationaltradefirstbegan.a.Unevendistributionofresourcesc.Economicbenefitb.Patternofdemandd.Comparativeadvantage2.Ifonecountryconcentratesontheproductionofthegoodsinwhichithasacomparativeadvantage,andproducesmorethanitcanuse,thenitwillsellthelefttoothercountries.Thisreasonforinternationaltradeiscalled___________.a.economiesofscalec.specializationb.varietyofstyled.patternsofdemand3.Theproductioncostwilldecreaseifthegoodsareproducedonalargescale.Thisiscalled___________.a.economiesofscalec.specializationb.varietyofstyled.patternsofdemand4.Thefollowingsarethespecialproblemsforinternationaltradeexceptfor___________.a.usingforeignlanguagesandforeigncurrencyc.havingrisksb.underforeignlaws,customsandregulationsd.numerousculturaldifferences5.___________referstoanexchangeofservices,labororothernon-physicalgoodsbetweencountries.a.Invisibletradec.Internationaltradeb.Visibletraded.Balanceoftrade6.Invisibletradeconsistsofthefollowingitemsexceptfor___________.a.transportservicesacrossnationalbordersc.insuranceservicesacrossnationalbordersb.foreigntouristexpensesd.productexchangeacrossnationalborders7.___________isthedifferencebetweenthevalueofthegoodsandservicesthatacountryexportsandthevalueofthegoodsandservicesthatitimports.a.Tradebalancec.Tradedeficitb.Tradesurplusd.Tradebarrier8.Eachcountryhastoearn___________topayforimports.a.moneyc.cashb.foreignexchanged.currency9.___________iscollectedaccordingtophysicalquantity.a.Revenuetariffc.Specificdutyb.Protectiontariffd.Alternativeduty10.Whichisnottheexampleoftradebarriers?___________a.Tariffsc.Importdutiesb.Quotasd.Incometax1.国际贸易internationaltrade2.比较优势comparativeadvantage3.规模经济economiesofscale4.经济增长economicgrowth5.外汇foreigncurrency6.有形贸易visibletrade7.无形贸易invisibletrade8.贸易差额balanceoftrade9.贸易顺差tradesurplus10.贸易逆差tradedeficit11.贸易壁垒tradebarrier12.非关税壁垒.non-tariffbarrier13.财政关税revenuetariff14.保护关税revenuetariff15.进口关税importduty16.出口关税exportduty17.从量税specificduty18.从价税Advaloremduty19.进口许可证importlicense20.配额quota翻译1.Internationaltrade,alsoknownasworldtrade,foreigntradeoroverseastrade,istheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweencountries.国际贸易，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易，是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。2.Trademayoccurbecauseofeconomiesofscale,thatis,thecostadvantagesoflarge-scaleproduction.贸易可能源于规模经济，即大规模生产带来的成本优势。3.Visibletradereferstoexportsandimportsofgoods,whileinvisibletradereferstoanexchangeofservices,labororothernon-physicalgoodsbetweencountries.有形贸易即产品的进出口，而无形贸易则指服务和资产的交换。4.Ifacountry’sexportsexceeditsimports,ithasatradesurplusandthetradebalanceissaidtobepositive.Ifimportsexceedexports,thecountryhasatradedeficitanditstradebalanceissaidtobenegative.如果出口大于进口，即为贸易顺差，称为出超；如果进口大于出口，则为贸易逆差，称为入超。5.Atariffisataxleviedonacommoditywhenitcrossestheboundaryofacustomsareawhichusuallycoincideswiththeareaofacountry.关税即当货物跨越关境边界时征收的税，关境通常就是国境。6.Aquotaisalimitationinvalueorinphysicalterms,imposedonimportandexportofcertaingoodsforacertainperiodoftime.配额是对某一商品在某一特定时期的进出口加以价值或数量上的限定。7.各种形式的贸易壁垒主要来源于政府干预(governmentintervention)。Variousformsoftradebarriersarelargelyderivedfromgovernmentintervention.8.近年来中国经济迅速增长，贸易结构也相应改变很大。China’seconomicgrowthhasbeentremendousinrecentyearsanditstradestructurehascorrespondinglyundergoneconsiderabletransformation.9.当前国际贸易中最大的困难是非关税壁垒，如进口配额、出口管制等。Themajordifficultiesininternationaltradetodayarethenon-tariffbarrierslikequotasdttlandexportcontrols.10.大多数贸易协定是多边协定，而非双边协定。Mosttradeagreementstodayaremultilateralratherthanbilateral.Unit2T1.Atermfordefiningoneparticulargradeofqualityinonecountrymayhavequiteadifferentmeaninginanothercountry.T2.Inthecaseofsalebybuyer’ssampleorsalebyseller’ssample,thequalityofthecommoditiesshouldbestrictlythesameaswhatofthesample.Otherwise,itshouldbestipulatedinthecontractclearly.F3.Thegradesofthesameproductarealwaysthesameindifferentcountries.F4.Ininternationaltrade,onlytheMetricSystemisallowedtoindicatethequantityofgoods.T5.Differentwaysofmeasurementsuchasbyweight,bylength,byarea,byvolumeandbycapacitymaybeusedfordifferentproducts.F6.Inreality,thequantityofgoodsshippedmustbeexactlythesamewiththatstipulatedinthecontract.T7.Packingshouldbedesignedaccordingtotheneedofthecargo.F8.Generallyspeaking,morepackingisrequiredforcontainerizedconsignment