2012届高三英语二轮复习精品课件(湖北专用)：第2模块 完形填空 专题4 说明文型完形填空

2012届高三英语二轮复习精品课件（湖北专用）：第2模块完形填空专题4说明文型完形填空专题四说明文型完形填空专题导读说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实物性说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等(实物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)；二是事理性说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。具体特点为：1.开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。2.结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体、从上到下、从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果、先果后因、先主后次)，认识顺序(由此及彼、由浅入深、由具体到抽象、由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。真题典例[2010·安徽卷]Mostpeoplegivelittlethoughttothepenstheywritewith，especiallysincetheprintersinmodernhomesandofficesmeanthatvery__1__thingsarehandwritten.Alltoooften，peoplebuyapenbasedonlyon__2__，andwonderwhytheyarenotsatisfied__3__theybegintouseit.However，buyingapenthatyou'llenjoyisnot__4__ifyoukeepthefollowinginmind.Firstofall，apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe__5__touse.Thethicknessofthepenisthemostimportantcharacteristic(特征)__6__comfort.Havingasmallhandandthickfingers，youmaybecomfortablewithathinpen.Ifyouhavea__7__handandthickerfingers，youmay__8__afatterpen.Thelengthofapencan__9__influencecomfort.Apenthatistoo__10__caneasilyfeeltopheavyandunstable.Then，thewritingpointofthepenshould__11__theinktoflowevenly(均匀地)whilethepenremainsintouchwiththepaper.__12__willmakeitpossibleforyoutocreatea__13__lineofwriting.Thepointshouldalsobesensitiveenoughto__14__inkfromrunningwhenthepenislifted.Apointthatdoesnotblockthe__15__mayleavedropsofink，__16__youpickthepenupandputitdownagain.__17__，thepenshouldmakeathick，darkline.Finelinepensmay__18__badhandwriting，butfine，delicatelinesdonotcommand__19__nexttoprintedtext，as，__20__，asignatureonaprintedletter.Abroaderline，ontheotherhand，givesanimpressionofconfidenceandauthority(权威)．()1.A.manyB.fewC.pleasantD.important()2.A.looksB.reasonC.valueD.advantages()3.A.onceB.ifC.becauseD.though()4.A.convenientB.practicalC.strangeD.difficult()5.A.heavyB.easyC.hardD.safe()6.A.takingB.findingC.determiningD.seeking()7.A.strongerB.weakerC.smallerD.larger()8.A.preferB.recommendC.prepareD.demand()9.A.hardlyB.alsoC.neverD.still()10.A.thickB.lightC.longD.soft()11.A.changeB.allowC.reduceD.press()12.A.TheyB.OneC.ThisD.Some()13.A.thinB.roughC.blackD.smooth()14.A.preventB.freeC.protectD.remove()15.A.wayB.sightC.flowD.stream()16.A.soB.asC.andD.yet()17.A.MeanwhileB.GenerallyC.AfterwardsD.Finally()18.A.showupB.differfromC.breakdownD.compensatefor()19.A.attentionB.supportC.respectD.admission()20.A.atmostB.forexampleC.inbriefD.onpurpose【要点综述】1．B文章开头说人们很少注意选择钢笔，原因是手写的东西很少。2．A人们买钢笔主要基于样子(looks)。3．A一旦使用才发现并不满意。4．D如果按作者说的做，买一支喜欢的钢笔并不难。5．B买钢笔要与手合适，使用起来容易。6．C钢笔的粗度决定了使用时是否舒适。7．D手大的当然要买粗一点的，与前文Havingasmallhand相呼应。8．A根据句意“如果你的手指更大且更粗，你可能会更喜欢一支更粗的笔。”选A。recommend“推荐”；prepare“准备”；demand“要求”，均不合句意。9．B钢笔的长度也影响舒适度。10．C太长的笔拿着容易感到头重，不稳。11．B笔尖要使得墨水均匀流畅。12．C这一点(This)使得流利书写成为可能。13．D根据前一句话“...allowtheinktoflowevenly(均匀地)whilethepenremainsintouchwiththepaper.”即可推知：使你的书写线条流畅。14．A不写的时候，笔尖要防止墨水流出。prevent...from阻止；freefrom免于；protect...from保护；removefrom从……中移开(拿走，除掉)。15．C16．B当你拿笔或放笔的时候。17．D由上文Firstofall...，Then...可知这里应用Finally。18．D好的笔可以弥补书写差的缺点。showup使显示出；differfrom与……不同；breakdown损坏，发生故障；compensatefor赔偿，补偿损失。19．A和印刷体比较，写得好(指签名)也并不能引起注意。20．Batmost至多；forexample例如；inbrief总之；onpurpose故意地。Longtimeago,ifachildhadsomeproblemsinhislife,hemightgohomeandwriteinhis___1__.Now,achildwiththesameproblemsmightgoontotheInternetandwriteabouttheminablog(博客).Inmanyways,adiaryandablogarevery__2__.So,whatmakesbloggingdifferentfromwritingina(an)__3__diary?Thebiggestdifferenceisthatablogismuchmore__4__thanadiary.Usually,ateenagertreatshisdiarylikeabookfullof__5___thathedoesnotwantto__6__.新题预测It'sinterestingthatsomeonewhowritesinablog__7__adiarywillprobablywritenearlythesameinformation.Ihavealittlesister,andsometimesIgoonlinetoreadherblog.She__8__aboutthingslikewakingupearlyforswimmingpracticeandnotstudyingenoughforherchemistrytest.__9__Iwasherage,Iwroteaboutthesamethings,but__10__inmydiary.Then,afterIhadfinishedwriting,IwouldhidemydiaryinasecretplacebecauseIwas__11__thatmysistermightreadit!Thebiggest__12__withbloggingisthatanyonecanreadwhatyouwrite.IfIwasangrywithafriendduringhighschoolandwrotesomething__13__aboutherinmydiary,shewouldneverknow.__14__，ifmysistereverwrotesomethingbadaboutafriend,thatfriend__15__readherblogandgetangry.Therearealso__16__toblogging,ofcourse.IfIwasfeelingsadonedayandwroteinmydiary,“Nobodycaresaboutme，”__17__wouldknowaboutit.However,ifmysisterwrotethesamesentenceinherblog,herbestfriendswould__18__respond(回应)andtellherhowmuchtheylikeher.Blogshelppeople__19__incontactwiththeirfriendsandknowwhatthepeople___20__themaredoing.()1.A.notebookB．diaryC．BlogD．book()2.A.familiarB．sameC．similarD．different()3.A.oldB．realC．dailyD．traditional()4.A.convenientB．secretC．publicD．cheap()5.A.secretsB．mysteriesC．questionsD．puzzles()6.A.publishB．shareC．solveD．answer()7.A.insteadB．aswellasC．infavorofD．insteadof(