19初中英语被动语态

Passivevoice被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。be+Vp.p(动词的过去分词）1)be动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化am/is/are+V(过去分词）was/were+V(过去分词）willbe+V(过去分词）情态动词+be+V(过去分词）1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogoneHeplantstreesinspring.主谓宾(受动者)Treesareplantedbyhim改为被动语态inspring.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词Fillineachoftheblankswiththeverbgiven,usingthepassivevoice:1)Thewindowsofourhouse____________(clean)onceaweek.2)Students____________(ask)toreadEnglisheveryday.3)Chinese_________________(speak)bythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.arecleanedareaskedisspoken4.AnAmericanfilm_____often________(show)onTVonSundayafternoon.5.Mostsciencebooks_________________(write)inEnglish.6.English,French,GermanandRussian____________(use)inEurope.isshownarewrittenareused把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1、TheyspeakEnglishinCanada.(English….)2、Peopleusewoodformakingtables.（wood….）3、TheymakecomputersintheUSA.（Computers…）4、TheygrowriceinSouthChina.（Rice…）EnglishisspokeninCanada.Woodisusedformakingtables.ComputeraremadeintheUSA.RiceisgrowninSouthChina.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Puttheseintothepassivevoice:1.Childrenoftensingthissong.2.Theycaughttwothieveslastnight.3.Tomshowedusavasejustnow.4.Sheboughtmearadio.Thissongisoftensungbythechildren.Twothieveswerecaughtbythemlastnight.WewereshownavasebyTomjustnow.Iwasboughtaradiobyher.3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词1.Thefarmerswillgrowricenextyear.2.Theywillwriteletterssoon.3.Iwillforgetthisthing.4.Wewillseeafilmtonight.Ricewillbegrownnextyear.Letterswillbewrittensoon.Thisthingwillbeforgotten.Afilmwillbeseenbyustonight.4．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词把下列主动句变被动句：1、Weshouldplantthetreesaroundthelake2、Wemustrepairthecomputernow.3、Studentsshouldcorrectthemistakes.4、Wemustwaterthetreeswell.Thetreesshouldbeplantedaroundthelake.Thecomputermustberepairednow.Themistakesshouldbecorrected.Thetreesmustbewateredwell.5．Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词Fillintheblanks:1.Therubbish____already___________.(collect)2.Thebins_____just________________.(empty)3.Fivechapters____________________recently.(learn)4.Thefilm_____ever_____________.(see)hasbeencollectedhavebeenemptiedhavebeenlearnedhasbeenseenPutthemintothePassiveVoice:1.Theyhaveopenedanewschool.2.Theworkershaveputupsomebuildings.3.Wehavebuiltanewroad.4.HehastaughtthissongonTV.Anewschoolhasbeenopenedbythem.Somebuildingshavebeenputup.Anewroadhasbeenbuiltbyus.ThissonghasbeentaughtonTV.6.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词1.Wearereadingbooks.2.Theyaresweepingthefloor.3.Heisplayingfootball.4.IamwatchingTV.Booksarebeingreadbyus.Thefloorisbeingsweptbythem.Footballisbeingplayedbyhim.TVisbeingwatchedbyme.8．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词9.含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构变成被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个不动。一般是间接宾语变成被动结构的主语。e.g.Mymothergavemeabike.间接宾语直接宾语Iwasgivenabike(bymymother).Abikewasgiventome(bymymother).Putthemintothepassivevoice:1.Shewrotemealetter.2.Mygrandmothertoldmeafairytale.3.Petershowedusphotosintheclassroom.Iwaswrittenaletterbyher.AletterwaswrittentomebyherIwastoldafairytalebymygrandmother.Afairytalewastoldtomebymygrandmother.WewereshownphotosbyPeterintheclassroom.PhotoswereshowntousbyPeterintheclassroom.10.短语动词的被动语态：一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才可能有动作的承受者。但有许多由不及物动词加介词的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。e.g.Theytookgoodcareofthechildren.Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof.短语动词：1.lookafter2.hearfrom3.takecareof4.lookfor5.replyto6.putup7.listento8.goover仔细检查、复习9.talkabout/over10.putoff推迟11.handin12.payattentionto13.puton上演14.turnon/off11、带复合宾语动词变为被动语态1.宾语+宾语补足语→复合宾语2.变被动语态，宾语→（被动语态）主语，宾语补足语→（主动语态）主语补足语IheardJaneplayingthepianoinherroom.（变为被动语态）Janewasheardplayingthepianoinherroom.12、变被动语态后动词形式的选择主动句中的感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等，及使役动词make,let,have等后跟省略to的不定式，变被动加上to。Hemakesthegirlstayathome.（变为被动语态）Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim.各种时态的被动语态构成1）一般现在时：Youareinvitedtodothis.2）一般过去时：Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般将来时：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.4)情态动词：Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时V(原形)/V(e)sam/is/are+Vpp一般过去时V-ed/madewas/were+Vpp一般将来时will+V(原形)will+be+Vpp含情态动词情态动词+V(原形)情态动词+be+Vpp各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去进行时：S+am/is/are+P.PS+was/were+P.P.S+can/may/must/should+be+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+am/is/are+being