个人主义和集体主义

IndividualismGroupmembers:陈林苗李海螺李青梦赖晓燕Contents31241AGeneralIntroductionofIndividualism1ManifestationofIndividualisminAmericanSocietyAcomprehensiveappraisalofindividualismComparisonbetweenAmericanIndividualismandChineseCollectivismAGeneralIntroductionofIndividualismBy李青梦Contents•DefinitionsofIndividualism•ManifestationsofIndividualism(general)•TheOriginationofIndividualism•RankingofIndividualismWhatValueDifferencesCanWeSee?•美国人问:中美人的主要区别是什么?我说:你们就像你们的菜,这是鸡,这是炸土豆条,这是柠檬,全部分开摆,由你挑着吃.我们就像我们的菜,都切碎了,拌在一起炒,还嫌粘不到一块儿,再勾上些团粉,这样味儿才出来.大笑.•你们与人接触,首先是拉开距离,然后选择;我们是先混在一起,然后区别.我们的麻烦往往是绞成一团,人与人之间的关系比较琐碎;你们的麻烦往往是孤独.•---冯骥才,侃洋人,杂文选刊,2005.7.P18DefinitionsofIndividualism•Wikipedia•Individualismisthemoralstance,politicalphilosophy,ideology,orsocialoutlookthatstressesthemoralworthoftheindividual.DefinitionsofIndividualism•1Thequalityofbeingdifferentfromotherpeopleanddoingthingsinyourownway个性•2Thebeliefthatindividualpeopleinsocietyshouldhavetherighttomaketheirowndecisions,etc.ratherthantobecontrolledbythegovernmentInpoliticalsenseOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionaryManifestationsofIndividualismIndividualInitiative个体的主动性Independence独立IndividualExpression言论自由Privacy隐私权TheOriginationofIndividualism•Fromahistoricalpointofview•FromareligiousperspectiveRankingofIndividualismU.S.A1Taiwan,China36Australia2Peru37GreatBritain3Pakistan38Canada4Colombia39Netherlands5Venezuela40RankingofIndividualismManifestationofIndividualisminAmericanSocietyBY陈林苗PersonalprivacyPersonalfreedomPersonalequalitySelf-relianceSelf-expression12435PersonalPrivacy•InAmerica,personalprivacyisrespectedhighlyandprotectedbythelaw.e.g.①Culturaltabooingreeting,age,marriage,job,salary,etc②Onemusttelephonebeforehepaysavisittoanotherevenincludinghisfriendsorrelatives.③Anybodymustn’tstepintoanother’shousewithoutpermission.④Noonehastherighttoreadanyother’sletterevenparentsmustn’treadtheirchildren’sprivateletters.……PersonalFreedom•Personalfreedom,aswellasequalopportunity,isthebasicfoundationforeverymemberofthesocietytoachievetheirself-fulfillment.e.g.①thefreedomtobeoccupiedinanyvocation②thefreedomtoobtainknowledge③thefreedomtomarrysomeoneandhaveachild④thefreedomtobelieveinGod……PersonalEquality•Theybelieveinequalityofopportunity.Itmeanseachindividualshouldhaveanequalchanceforsuccess.•e.g.•BenjaminFranklin•PooryoungguygreateffortswealthyandsuccessfulmanSelf-reliance•Thismeansachievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible.e.g.①takecareofthemselves②solvetheirownproblems③standontheirowntwofeet……Self-expression•Braveenoughtoexpressthemselves,fondofbeingthecenterofattention,enjoytakingarisk.e.g.①Americanstudentsareactiveintheclass,puttinguphandsandstrivingtobethefirst.②Onemayfailtogetajobifheorshedeclaresthecapacitiesarelimited.③Thehostareusedtosaythedishesarethebestprepared.……TheComparisonBetweenAmericanindividualismandChinesecollectivismBy赖晓燕Case1Americanswouldpaymoreattentiontofishes;Chinesewouldpaymoreattentiontothecontext.FishtankCase2Americans:A+CChinese:B+CA.Chicken（鸡）B.Hay（干草）C.Cattle（牛）Comparisonwithseveralrepresentativeexamples•1.Linguisticculture•2.Greeting•3.Familyandmarriage•4.EducationAmericanidiomsandphrasesGodhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.（天助自助者）Allmenarecreatedequal.（人生而平等）Self-made（靠自我力量成功的）Self-absorption（自我专注）Self-admiration（自我赞赏）Self-centered(自我为中心的)Self-fulfilling（自我满足的）ChineseIdiomsandPhrases•先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐•天下兴亡，匹夫有责•精忠报国，死而无憾•循规蹈矩•克己守道•三纲五常•贵有自知之明•人言可畏（死要面子）DifferentmanifestationsinGreetingInAmerica,personalprivacyisrespectedhighlyandprotectedbythelaw.Personalprivacy:age,marriage,religion,economicsituationandsoonDailygreeting:•A:Hi,Jack,howareyou?•B:Fine,thanks.Andyou?•A:I’mterrific.Thankyou.InChina,peoplealwaysaskone’sage,jobandsalarywhentheymeetwitheachother.ThesegreetingsthatareconsideredverycommoninChinaareculturaltabooinAmericabecauseAmericansbelievethatthesearepersonalprivacy.•PopulargreetingsinChina:“Whereareyougoing?”“Haveyoueatenyourmeal?“Howoldareyou?”DifferentOpinionsonFamilyTheAmericanfamilyisanuclearfamily,consistingusuallyofparentsandtheirunmarriedchildren.Andeveryfamilymemberhastheirownequalrights.Afterthechildrengettingmarried,theyshouldmoveouttorentorbuyahouse.Whenthechildrenreach18yearsold,theyshouldbeeconomic-independent.Buttheyalsohavenodutytosupporttheirparentswhentheybecomeold.InChinesefamily,theyoungandtheoldalwayslivetogether.It’stheyoung’sdutytorespecttheseniorityandtosupportthem.DifferentOpinionsonmarriageAmericansbelievethatmarriageisaveryprivatethingandoncetwopeoplefallinlovewitheachothertheywilltrytoovercomedifficultiestopursuethetruelove.Parentshavenorightstodecidetheirchildren’smarriagepartnerandit’sallupontheirchildren.Andchildrenalsodon’tinterfereintotheirparents’marriage.Soit’scommontosee:“Heismymother’sboyfriend”.InChina,achild’smarriageisnotonlyhis/herownthingbutthewholefamily’sthing.Childrenalsocanfreelychoosetheirboyfriend/girlfriend,butoncetheymentionmarriageitmustbeagreedbyparentsofeachfamilies.Theparentswillconsideralotoffactorstomakesurethattheirchildrenwilllead