车载自组织网络关键技术

(VANET)、，，VANET。VANET，VANET。VANET、，VANET、MAC、，VANET。；；；；*，，(400065)*（No.60572089，No.60872037），（No.2008BB2411），（No.KJ080508）1，，。10，，，[1]，VANET(vehicleadhocnetwork，)[2]。VANET、，MANET(mobileadhocnetworks，)，，、。VANETITS(intelligenttransportationsystem，)，ITS，、，，、Internet。IVC(inter-vehiclecommunication，)，VANET，VANET。2080[3]，，。1999，75MHzDSRC(dedicatedshortrangecommunications，)[4]，WAVE(wirelessaccessinvehicularenvironments，)[5]，。2005，(car2carcommunicationconsortium)[6]，WLAN(wirelesslocalareanetwork，)，car2car，。ACM(associationforcomputingmachinery，)VANET，VANET。VANET，4420111VANET，、MAC，(、)。2VANET2.1VANET1。VANET，、，。VANET：IVCRVC(roadtovehiclecommunications，)[7]。IVC，，DSRC。VANET，()，。，GPS，，GPSVANET。2.2VANETAdHoc，AdHoc，、[8]，，、、、、。·，、[9]，；·，，，(IEEE802.11、IEEE802.16、3G)MAC，；·VANET，，[10]，。·，GPS，VANET；·VANET，、，。3VANET，OSI/RM，VANET2。，、、，，；，、；VANET，VANET，，1VANET45、。，。，。4VANET：，、；，；MAC；。，：，、；，，、；，、。IEEE802.11[11]3GTDD[12]，。IEEE802.11，VANET，IEEE802.11p[13]，5.9GHz，710MHz，OFDM(orthogonalfrequency-divisionmultiplexing，)[14]，3。，178CCH(controlchannel，)，，SCH(servicechannel，)。IEEE802.11a，。，。，，。3GTDD，2010～2020MHz。3GTDD，CarTALK2000[15]，，。，IEEE802.16VANET[16]。5MACMAC，、。，MAC，。VANET，MAC、、AdHoc，：、、、。VANETMACAdHocMAC，VANET。，IEEE802.11DCF[17]，CSMA/CA，RTS/CTS，，，IEEE802.11DCF；AdHocMAC[18]，TDMA，VANETQoS，AdHocMAC，；D-MAC(directionalMAC，MAC)[19]IEEE802.11，GPS，2VANET3IEEE802.11p4620111，，。，VANETMAC，MAC，VANET，，。VANETMAC。5.1SecureVANETMAC[20]VANETMAC。VANET，，。，PKI(publickeyinfrastructure，)、CA(certificateauthority，)，、、，。，，，。5.2A-ADHOCMAC[21]AdHocMAC，AdHocMAC(A-ADHOC)。A-ADHOCRR-ALOHA(reliablereservation-ALOHA)[22]，，。FI(frameinformation，)，，RR-ALOHAVANET。，A-ADHOCMAC，AdHoc50%。5.3CMV[23]CMV(cognitiveMACforVANET，MAC)，，。，；，。，。，CMV，。，CMVAdHoc72%。5.4IEEE802.11DCF，VANETMAC。IEEE802.11DCF，，，[24]，，IVC，。，，。6VANET，，，VANET。AdHoc，。，、。VANET，4。6.1VANETAdHoc[25]，，，4VANET47DSDV(destination-sequenceddistance-vector)[26]、DSR(dynamicsourcerouting，)[27，28]、AODV(adhocondemanddistancevectorrouting)[29，30]。，。DSDV，，，，、；DSR，，，，；AODVDSDV，DSR，、、，，。，VANET，，、Hello1s，100ms。6.2，(GPS)。VANET。，，，，VANET。，，GPSR(greedyperimeterstatelessrouting)[31]。GPSRBradKKungHT2000，。，，。，，，，GPSR。，GPSR。[32～34]GPSR，。：VANET，[35]；GPSR[36]，GPSR。GSR(geographicsourcerouting)[37]，，Dijkstra，；GyTAR(thegreedytrafficawarerouting)[38]GSR，、，VANET，GyTAR；CAR(connectivity-awarerouting)[39]，，，。6.3VANET，[40，41]。，，，，，，，，、、；，，。，，。，，。CBRP(clusterbasedroutingprotocol)[42]、CL-DSR(reliabledynamicsourceroutingbasedclusterlabel)[43]、AOW(automaticondemandweightedclusteringalgorithm)[44]。CBRP、，，、，。CL-DSRDSR，，，，、，AdHoc。AOWWCA(weightedclusteringalgorithm)[45]，AOW、、、4，、。48201117VANET，，VANET3：、[46]，31。，，。，、，。[47]，GPS，，；[48]GPS，，。，、，，。[49]，VANET，VANET，，、，“”；CarTALK2000，，[50]。，，。[51]，GPS，50m，、，；，VANET，[51]，，。8VANET、MAC，、，。[52，53]VANETTCPUDP，。VANET，[54]VANET，。，，，，。，。，、，，，VANET。IEEE802.11p，VANET，VANET。1InternetITSconsortium，，20062．．：，20053SekiK．ApplicationsofDSRCinJapan．ITSCenter，JapanAutomobileResearchInstitute，20024Dedicatedshortrangecommunications，，20065RobertoAUzcátegui．WAVE：atutorial．IEEECommunicationsMagazine，2009(5)：126-1336Car-to-Carcommunications，，20037LuisaA，MicheleP．Inter-vehiclecommunicationandcooperativesystem：localdynamicsafetyinformationdistributedamongtheinfrastructureandthevehiclesasvirtualsensorstoenhanceroadsafety．In：VehicularTechnologyConference，Berlin，Germany，September20041VANET1：，(、、)；(、)2：，，3：、，498RamanathanR，RediJ．Abriefoverviewofadhocnetworks：challengesanddirections．IEEECommunicationsMagazine，2002(40)：20～229RudackM，MeinckeM，LottM．Onmedynamicsofadhocnetworksforintervehiclecommunication(IVC)．In：ProcofICWN2002，LasVegas，USA，June200210NiSY，TsengYC，ChenYS．Thebroadcaststormprobleminamobileadhocnetwork．In:Procofthe5thAnnualACM/IEEEInt’lConfonMobileComputingandNetworking．Seattle：ACMPress，199911IEEE802.11．WirelessLANmediumaccesscontrol(MAC)andphysicallayer(PHY)specification，199912UMTS-TDD，，2006．13DanielJ，LucaD．IEEE802.11p：towardsaninternationalstandardforwirelessaccessinvehicularenvironments，200814RobertsonP，KaiserS．TheeffectsofDopplerspreadsinOFDM(A)mobileradiosystems．In：VehicularTechnologyConference，VTC1999-FallIEEEVTS，199915FCCReportandOrder06-110：amendmentofthecommission’srulesregardingdedicatedshort-rangecommunicationservicesinthe5.850-5.925GHzband．July20，200616YangK，OuS，ChenH，etal．Amulti-hoppeercommunicationprotocolwithfairnessguaranteeforIEEE802.16basedvehicularnetworks.IEEETransactionsonVehicularTechnology，2007，56(6)：3358～337017HamidM，FethiF，MassimilianoL．AsurveyandqualitativeanalysisofMACprotocolsforvehicularAd-hocnetworks．IEEEWirelessCommunications，2006(10)18BorgonovoF．Ad-hocMAC：AnewMACarchitectureforadhocnetworksprovidingefficientandreliablepoint-to-pointandbroadcastservices．WirelessNetworks，2004(7)19KoYB．Mediumaccesscontrolprotocolsusingdirectionalantennasinadhocnetworks．In：ProcIEEEINFOCOM，TelAviv，Israel，March200020QianY，LuKJ，NaderM．AsecurevanetMACprotocolforDSRCapplications．In：ProceedingsofIEEEGlobeco