定语从句之重难点解析

TheAttributiveClause(3)GrammarReview关系代词指人指物在定语从句中的作用Who√主语宾语Whom√宾语Which√主语宾语that√√主语宾语whose√√定语关系副词的用法关系副词指代在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/during/…which)where(=in/at/…which)why(=forwhich)时间时间状语地点地点状语原因原因状语限制性定从与非限制性定从限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that,why,不能省略引导词：关系代词和关系副词,作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause&TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause难点一：特殊形式的定语从句1分隔式定从：为了某种特殊的需要，与先行词分隔开的定语从句。Ihaveapicturebyafamouspainterwhichwassenttomeformybirthday.Theprofessorenteredthehallwhohadjustpresentedseverallectures.我有一幅出自名家的手笔，送给我作生日礼物的画。刚刚做完几场报告的那个教授进入了大厅。被介词短语分开被谓语分开2混杂式定从：定从的关系词与其后的词之间会插入Ithink,Ibelieve,Iguess,Iexpect,theysay,……等类似的句子，从而使定从更加复杂。Nickistheonlyonewhoweexpectwillwin.难点二：介词+关系代词(1)“介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定从，也可以引导非限制性定从。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,to,at,of,without等等，关系代词可用whom，which，whose.注意：fromwhere为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown.•Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.•Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin•Themanwho/whomyouspoketowasascientist.Themantowho/whomyouspokewasascientist.•Thecitythat/whichshelivesinisfaraway.Thecityinthat/whichshelivesisfaraway.Arethesetwosentencesright?×וwho,that不能用于介词之后;•介词后常用＋whom(人)/which(物)•Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?•TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.注意(1):下面两句中的介词能提前吗?注意(2):介词的确定方法在固定短语中介词不能提前in①根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定•Thisisthepot____whichIboiledthemilk.=Thisisthepot___________Iboiledthemilkin.in(which/that)•Theperson____whomIcomplainedisthemanager.=Theperson________________Icomplainedtoisthemanager.•Thedog,____whichsheusedtobeafraid,isherfavoriteanimalnow.=Thedog____________sheusedtobeafraidof,isherfavoriteanimalnow.②根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定toof③根据从句所表达的意思来确定•Water,________whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.without(who/whom/that)(which/that)•Ioftengetupatsix,__________timeitisstillverydarkinwinter.•Heistheman___________housethepictureswerestolen.注意(3):介词+which/whose+名注意(4):名/代/数词+of+which/whom，表示一种所属关系。•Thesepeople,themajorityof_______arefarmers,disagreedwiththeplan.•Thecake,halfof_______waseaten,wasboughtforLily’sbirthday.fromwhosewhomwhichatwhich难点三:定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.Iwho(be)yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.amoneof＋复数n.+定语从句(谓语动词用_____)theoneof＋复数n.theonlyoneof+复数n.studystudies复数+定语从句(谓语动词用_____)单数Heisoneofthestudentswho______(study)veryhardatschool.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______(study)veryhardatschool.难点四:asthesame+n.+as/that定从…;such+n.+as定从…;as/so+adj.+n.+as定从…1Heisnot_____afool_____.A.such/asheislookedB.such/ashelooksC.as/asheislookedD.so/ashelooks2Wehopetogetsuchatool____heisusing.A./B.asC.whichD.that3Sheiswearingthesamedress____sheworeyesterday.A.whichB.asC.thatD./4Wearefacingthesameproblems____wedidyearsago.A.whichB.thatC./D.asBDCB