44个介词的基本用法

一、44个常见介词的基本用法•介词短语=介词+名词•基本介词+单名词•合成介词+多名词•双介词+名词性从句1、about基本含义：a-b-out“A在B外面”•1、在…周围：Thekidsaresittingabouttheirteacher.•Ilikethenecklaceaboutherthroat.•2、环绕：Thebirdalwaysfliesabouttheforest.•Iplantotravelabouttheworld.•3、关于：abookaboutEnglishstudy•Theyaretalkingaboutthenewfilm.•4、[adv]大约•固定搭配：•1、Howabout...?•2、something+adj+aboutX•一些关于X的adj的事2、above基本含义：a-b-over“A在B上方”•引申含义：•1、在…上方:Thesunroseabovethehorizon.•2、数目大于…/重量超过…/价格（能力、地位）高于…•Thereisnothinginthestoreabove50cents.•“Hewhocomesaftermeisaboveme,becausehewasbeforeme”•固定搭配：•1、aboveall:首先（强调重要性）•Aboveall,hewasanoutstandingmathematician.•2、aboveallthings:最最…•Whatyouneed,aboveallthings,isconfidence.•3、beaboveoneself:兴高采烈=highspirit•Whenheheardthegoodnews,hewasabovehimself.3、across基本含义：a-grass“A走过一片草坪•引申含义：•1、穿过：Shewalkedacrosstheroad.•2、在...对面:Thebarisjustacrossthestreet.•3、交叉：Hesatwithhisarmsacrosshischest.•Thetwolinespassacrosseachotheratrightangles.•固定搭配：•1、AcomeacrossB.A偶遇B。•IcameacrossYuMinhongtheotherday.•2、AgersthacrosstoB.A使某物被B了解。•Iwanttogetmytheoryacrosstoallstudents.4、after基本含义：“A在B之后”（强调顺序）•1、在…之后（时间顺序、空间顺序）•Afterdinner,theywentoutforawalk.•Ishouldafterhim,buthestillwenton.•2、照着…的样子•Readthesentenceafterme,please.•Thebuildingisnamedafterthefamoushero.•固定搭配：•1、beafter寻找/goafter追逐/runafter追求•Youshouldrunafteryourowndream.•2、afterall不管怎样（即：在任何事情之后都一样）•Afterall,heisyourfather.•3、lookafter照顾5、against基本含义：a-g-e“相对”•1、碰着、靠着：Shewasleaningagainstatree.•2、反对：Weshouldfightagainstcrimes.•3、预防：Savemoneyagainstarainyday.未雨绸缪•固定搭配：•1、goagainst违反（故意违反某人的意志）•Hechosetogoagainsthisfamily.•2、beagainst•（1）违反（违反法律、制度）•Itisagainstthelawtohunttigers.•(2)反对Lincolnwasstronglyagainstslavery.•（3）不利于Whathesaidisagainsthim.6、around基本含义：a-round”A在一个圆里面”（在一定范围内）•1、在…周围:Therearemanybarsaroundthetowm.•2、在附近、到处：Ishowedhimaroundourcampus.•3、【adv】大约：•Therearearound1000peoplewatchingthegame.7、at基本含义:“朝向一点”•1、小地点,或小时间点•Usually,heisathisofficeinthemorning.•Iarrivedathomeat7:00.•Knockat;lookat;aimat;shootat;arriveat…•2、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因•Heshowednosignofpleasureatseeingher.•Besurprised/excitedat…8、before基本含义：“在…之前“（时间、空间、顺序）•1、时间上：Pleasecomebackbefore10:00pm.•2、空间上：Don’tputthecartbeforethehorse.•3、顺序上：Healthshouldcomebeforewealth.•固定搭配：•1、beforelong不久后•2、beforetime:提前9、behind基本含义：be+hide“在…之后“•1、空间上，在…后面:Adogisrunningbehindus.•2、在后台操纵：Theremustbesomeonebehindit.•3、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后;•NewYorkis12hoursbehindBeijingintime.•Hewasbehindothersinability.10、beside基本含义：be+side“在…边上”•引申含义：•1、在...旁边=nextto…;bythesideof…•atownbesidethesea•Shesatbesidetheteacher.•2、与...相比=comparedwith•Myworkissopoorbesideyours.•固定搭配：besideoneself高兴（悲伤）的不得了、忘形11、besides基本含义：“除…外，还有…”•Therewere2otherstudentsintheclassroombesidesTom.12、between基本含义：be-two-in“在两者之间”•1、空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间：•Betweentwostrangebuildingsstandsatree.•Hisageisbetweensixtyandseventy.•2、表示两者之间的某种关系•Hehastodecidebetweenlifeanddeath.•Thisisasecretbetweenlifeanddeath（仅在我们俩之间）.•youshouldlearnbetweenlines（字里行间）.13、beyond基本意思：be+yond（在彼处）=在…之外•1、“在远处、在…的那一边”•Whatliesbeyondmyreach.•2、“超出…的限度”（能力认识）•Thefruitwasbeyondmyreach.•3、“除…了”•Ican’ttellyouanythingbeyondwhatyoualreadyknow.•固定搭配：•1、beyondwords无法形容•2、beyondunderstanding难以理解•3、beyondcure无可救药•4、beyondendurance无法忍受14、by基本意思：by后面的名词很重要•1、在…旁边Wepreferatablebythewindow.•2、到…时候•Wehavestudiedseveralprepositionsbynow.•Ishallhavefinishedtheworkbythetimeyoureturn.•3、通过…;根据…;•Hecantellthedirectionbythestars.•Don’tjudgeapersonbyhislooks.•4、按…计算•Eggsareusuallysoldbydozen.•Thetemperaturehasrisenby5degrees.•5、被…；Hewasshockedbywhathehadseen.•固定搭配：•1、byaccident/chance偶然•2、byallmeans想尽一切办法、一定要•3、bynomeans绝不、一点儿也不•4、byturns轮流•5、bymistake出于误会•5、despite•基本意思：尽管、不顾=inspiteof•Theoldprofessorkeptonworkingdespitehispoorhealth.16、down基本意思：向下•引申含义：•1、表示自上而下•Inordertocatchthebustheyrundownthehill.•Tearsrundownherfacequietly.•2、沿着河、沿着路•Hewalkeddowntheroad.•Wesaileddowntheriver.•固定搭配副词•Sthbreakdown坏了•Letsbdown令某人失望17、during基本意思：在…期间•1、在整个…期间•Notaworddidtheysayduringthemeal.•Ihaven’thadanymeatduringthelastseveralyears.•2、在…期间的某个时刻•IsawLindaduringthemeeting.18、except基本意思：ex-cept拿出来•EveryonewashereexceptTom.•【注意】•besides表示“加”，except表示“减”19、for基本意思：“为”•1、为了•Iboughtagiftforyou.•HeplayedfootballforEngland.•2、因为•Bejingisfamousforitslonghistory.•Ithankyouforwhatyouhavedoneforme.•3、作为•Ihadsomechocolateforbreakfast.•4、表示时间、距离的长短•Ihaven’tseenyouforyears.•Formilesandmilesyouseenothingbuttrees.•固定搭配：•longfor;thirstfor…渴望…•forthemoment;forthepresent现在、此刻•forthesakeof…为了•Ibearallthisforthesakeofmywork.•formypart对我而言•forfearof…唯恐.../以防...•forpleasure;forfun为了消遣•forsale出售20、in基本意思：在...范围之中•1、在...范围之中（时间、地点）•Wesatdownintheshadeofthetrees.•Romewasnotbuiltinaday.•2、在...情绪之中•Iamindoubtaboutit.•Theyareingreatenthusiasmabouttheproject.•3、在...状态之中•Youhaveputyourselfindanger.•Theireconomywasinchaos.•Pleaseputallthebooksinorder.•4、穿着...•Thepolicewereallinplainclothes.•Iwasinajacketthatday.•5、用...语言•TheletterswerewritteninChinese.•What‘sthisinEnglishi?•固定搭配：•inasense在某种程度上•inaccordance根据...；按照...•inadvance提前•ingeneral一般而言•inone’sopinion根据某人观点•21、inside•基本含义：在...里面