宾语从句详解(公开课)

ObjectClauses宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）什么是宾语？•Iknowhim.•Doyouhavethetime?•Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.•Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后宾语从句（ObjectClause）1.Idon’tknowwhenweshallmeetagain.我不知道我们什么时间会见面。2.Thisremindedmeofwhathehadoncepromisedme.这使我想起他曾对我的许诺。OCSPOCSP一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。eg.WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序时态由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句（一）引导词123e.g.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.2.Hesaid(that)______________________.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmoves由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略aroundthesunthat——不能省略的两种情况（1）当that作介词except,in，about宾语时•Theybelieveinthatshemuststillbesingle.•IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheislivinginBeijing.（2）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时（it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语——that从句则放在句尾）•IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.•Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句if/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,know，wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。Areyouastudent?Pleasetellme.=Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouareastudent.Doyougotoschoolbybikeeveryday?Couldyoutellme?=Couldyoutellmeif/whetheryougotoschoolbybikeeveryday?1.Iwanttoknow.2.Willhegototheparkwithus?=___________________________________________________________Iwanttoknowif/whetherhewillgototheparkwithus.1.Iaskhim.2.Canhecome?____________________________________1.Couldyoutellme?2.DoesMr.Liliveshere?____________________________________只能用whether不能用if的情况1.在介词后面：•I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.•Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.2.在动词不定式前(whethertodosth.)：•Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.3.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:•Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.•MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.•Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.宾语从句提前时：•Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Iwonder___________heiswell.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether3)特殊疑问句用作宾语从句时，用原句中的疑问词引导。注意：要将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序（即S+V+…)Whoareyouwaitingfor?Canyoutellme?=Canyoutellmewhoyouarewaitingfor?Whatdidhedoyesterday?Idon’tknow.=Idon’tknowwhathedidyesterday.V助V实“做”V实“做”1.Heasked_____________________________.2.Doyouknow_________________________?3.Heasked_______________________________.4.Doyouknow_________________________?5.Pleasetellme_____________.6.Canyoutellme________________________?7.Couldyoutellme______________________?whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosebikewasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由疑问代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和疑问副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。二、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhatdidhewanttobuy.Idon’tknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做宾语否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。Idon’tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.我认为你今天无法完成工作。时态：1.主句是一般现在时，宾语从句时态不变。1)Itisgoingtorain.Ithink.=Ithink(that)itisgoingtorain.2)Heisaworker.Hetellsme.=Hetellsme(that)heisaworker.3)Theywillhaveatrip.Hetellsme.=Hetellsme(that)theywillhaveatrip.4)Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Iwonder.=Iwonderif/whetheryouhavefinishedreadingthebook.5)Didyoudoyourhomeworklastnight?Iask.=Iaskif/whetheryoudidyourhomeworklastnight.6)HewaswatchingTVat10o’clocklastnight.Hetellsme.=HetellsmethathewaswatchingTVat10o’clocklastnight.7)TheyhadgonewhenIcame.Itellhim.=ItellhimthatTheyhadgonewhenIcame.1)Hecangowithme.Hesaid.=Hesaidhecouldgowithme.2.时态：如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）1)Itisgoingtorain.Ithought.=Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.2)Heisaworker.Hetoldme.=Hetoldmethathewasaworker.3)Theywillhaveatrip.Hetoldme.=Hetoldmethattheywouldhaveatrip.4)Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Iwondered.=Iwonderedif/whetheryouhadfinishedreadingthebook.5)Didyoudoyourhomeworklastnight?Iasked.=Iaskedif/whetheryoudidyourhomeworklastnight.6)HewaswatchingTVat10o’clocklastnight.Hetoldme.=HetoldmethathewaswatchingTVat10o’clocklastnight.7)TheyhadgonewhenIcame.Itoldhim.=ItoldhimthatTheyhadgonewhenIcame.3.注意：如果从句表示的是客观真理或不变的事实，从句仍然用一般现在时。Ourteachertoldusthatthemoongoes/travelsaroundtheEarth.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravels/goesfasterthansound.HesaidthatLiuXiangisafamoussportsstar.•Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.•IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。1.Iknow(that)he__