ASTM-D-638-14-塑料拉伸性能的试验方法

Designation:D638−14StandardTestMethodforTensilePropertiesofPlastics1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD638;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.1.Scope*1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthetensilepropertiesofunreinforcedandreinforcedplasticsintheformofstandarddumbbell-shapedtestspecimenswhentestedunderdefinedconditionsofpretreatment,temperature,humidity,andtestingmachinespeed.1.2Thistestmethodisapplicablefortestingmaterialsofanythicknessupto14mm(0.55in.).However,fortestingspecimensintheformofthinsheeting,includingfilmlessthan1.0mm(0.04in.)inthickness,ASTMstandardD882isthepreferredtestmethod.Materialswithathicknessgreaterthan14mm(0.55in.)shallbereducedbymachining.1.3ThistestmethodincludestheoptionofdeterminingPoisson’sratioatroomtemperature.NOTE1—ThisstandardandISO527-1addressthesamesubjectmatter,butdifferintechnicalcontent.NOTE2—Thistestmethodisnotintendedtocoverprecisephysicalprocedures.Itisrecognizedthattheconstantrateofcrossheadmovementtypeoftestleavesmuchtobedesiredfromatheoreticalstandpoint,thatwidedifferencesmayexistbetweenrateofcrossheadmovementandrateofstrainbetweengagemarksonthespecimen,andthatthetestingspeedsspecifieddisguiseimportanteffectscharacteristicofmaterialsintheplasticstate.Further,itisrealizedthatvariationsinthethicknessesoftestspecimens,whicharepermittedbytheseprocedures,producevariationsinthesurface-volumeratiosofsuchspecimens,andthatthesevariationsmayinfluencethetestresults.Hence,wheredirectlycomparableresultsaredesired,allsamplesshouldbeofequalthickness.Specialadditionaltestsshouldbeusedwheremoreprecisephysicaldataareneeded.NOTE3—Thistestmethodmaybeusedfortestingphenolicmoldedresinorlaminatedmaterials.However,wherethesematerialsareusedaselectricalinsulation,suchmaterialsshouldbetestedinaccordancewithTestMethodsD229andTestMethodD651.NOTE4—Fortensilepropertiesofresin-matrixcompositesreinforcedwithorientedcontinuousordiscontinuoushighmodulus20-GPa(3.0×106-psi)fibers,testsshallbemadeinaccordancewithTestMethodD3039/D3039M.1.4Testdataobtainedbythistestmethodhavebeenfoundtobeusefulinengineeringdesign.However,itisimportanttoconsidertheprecautionsandlimitationsofthismethodfoundinNote2andSection4beforeconsideringthesedataforengineeringdesign.1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:2D229TestMethodsforRigidSheetandPlateMaterialsUsedforElectricalInsulationD412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-ticElastomers—TensionD618PracticeforConditioningPlasticsforTestingD651TestMethodforTestforTensileStrengthofMoldedElectricalInsulatingMaterials(Withdrawn1989)3D882TestMethodforTensilePropertiesofThinPlasticSheetingD883TerminologyRelatingtoPlasticsD1822TestMethodforTensile-ImpactEnergytoBreakPlasticsandElectricalInsulatingMaterialsD3039/D3039MTestMethodforTensilePropertiesofPoly-merMatrixCompositeMaterialsD4000ClassificationSystemforSpecifyingPlasticMateri-alsD4066ClassificationSystemforNylonInjectionandExtru-sionMaterials(PA)D5947TestMethodsforPhysicalDimensionsofSolidPlasticsSpecimensE4PracticesforForceVerificationofTestingMachines1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.10onMechanicalProperties.CurrenteditionapprovedDec.15,2014.PublishedMarch2015.Originallyapprovedin1941.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2010asD638-10.DOI:10.1520/D0638-14.2ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.3Thelastapprovedversionofthishistoricalstandardisreferencedon*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandardCopyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959.UnitedStates1CopyrightbyASTMInt'l(allrightsreserved);ThuSep1707:44:42EDT2015Downloaded/printedbyChongQingUniversity(ChongQingUniversity)pursuanttoLicenseAgreement.Nofurtherreproductionsauthorized.E83PracticeforVerificationandClassificationofExten-someterSystemsE132TestMethodforPoisson’sRatioatRoomTemperatureE691PracticeforConductinganInterlaboratoryStudytoDeterminethePrecisionofaTestMethod2.2ISOStandard:4ISO527-1DeterminationofTensileProperties3.Terminology3.1Definitions—DefinitionsoftermsapplyingtothistestmethodappearinTerminologyD883andAnnexA2.4.SignificanceandUse4.1Thistestmethodisdesignedtoproducetensilepropertydataforthecontrolandspecificationofplasticm