统一强度理论的发展及其在土木水利等工程中的应用和经济意义_俞茂宏

第22卷　第1期　2005年3月　　　　　JournalofArchitectureandCivilEngineeringVol.22　No.1Mar.2005:1673-2049(2005)01-0024-18俞茂宏1,OdaY1,盛　谦2,3,沈　俊4,顾金才4,李小春2,李庆斌5,周小平6,蒋锁红7,张永兴6,董毓利8,刘继明1,景宏君1,YoshimineM1,徐栓强1(1.,　710049;2.,430071;3.,　430010;4.,　471023;5.,　100084;6.,　400045;7.,　710001;8.,　266033)　:统一强度理论是在中国本土原创产生和发展起来的关于材料强度和结构强度的系统新理论。它从连续统力学最基本的单元体力学模型开始,到数学建模方法,理论公式的表述,以及一系列新的理论公式都不同于以往的各种理论。它将以往各种适合于某一类材料的单一强度理论推进为可以适合于多种材料的统一强度理论。经过40多年的发展,它不仅自己形成了系统的理论,而且将很多著名的理论包容其中,形成了范围更宽广、功能更强大的理论体系。由于它具有一个统一的力学模型,清晰的物理意义,简单的线性数学表述式,能反映材料的基本特性,即SD效应(不同的抗拉强度和抗压强度)、静水应力效应、正应力效应、中间主应力效应和中间主剪应力效应,以及结构强度分析的破坏准则效应,并且与现有的实验数据相吻合,能容易地适合许多新情况;此外,统一强度理论既容易用来取得解析解,也容易用于计算机程序取得数值解。统一强度理论已被推广应用于很多领域。在连续介质和工程应用的框架下对统一强度理论的发展及其在土木工程中的应用和经济意义进行较为系统的小结。:材料强度理论;结构强度理论;复杂应力;统一强度理论;土木工程应用:TU50,TU31　　:ADevelopmentofunifiedstrengththeoryanditsapplicationsincivilengineeringanditseconomicsignificanceYUMao-hong1,OdaY1,SHENGQian2,3,SHENJun4,GUJin-cai4,LIXiao-chun2,LIQing-bin5,ZHOUXiao-ping6,JIANGSuo-hong7,ZHANGYong-xing6,DONGYu-li8,LIUJi-ming1,JINGHong-jun1,YoshimineM1,XUShuan-qiang1(1.SchoolofCivilEngineeringandMechanics,Xi’anJiaotongUniversity,Xi’an710049,China;2.InstituteofRockandSoilMechanics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Wuhan430071,China;3.YangtzeRiverScientificResearchInstitute,Wuhan430010,China;4.LuoyangHydraulicEngineeringInstitute,Luoyang471023,China;5.SchoolofCivilEngineeringandHydraulic,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China;6.SchoolofCivilEngineeringandArchitecture,ChongqingUniversity,Chongqing400045,China;7.NorthwestInvestigationDesignandResearchInstitute,Xi’an710001,China;8.SchoolofCivilEngineering,QingdaoTechnologicalUniversity,Qingdao266033,China)Abstract:Strengththeorydealswiththeyieldandfailureofmaterialsunderthecomplexstressstate.Itisanimportantfoundationforresearchonthestrengthofmaterialsandstructures.Itisofgreatsignificanceintheoreticalresearchandengineeringapplication,andisalsoveryimportantfortheeffectiveutilizationofmaterials.Particularlyfordesignpurposes,itisimportantthatareliablestrengthpredictionbeavailableforvariouscombinationsofmultiaxialstresses.Unifiedstrengththeoryisanewsystematictheory.TheSDeffect(strengthdifferenceintensilestrengthandcomp-　　:2004-11-30　　:(58770402,59779028,59924033,50078046),(20020698050),.　　:(1934-),,,,,、.ressivestrengthofmaterials),effectofnormalstress,effectofhydrostaticstress,effectofinter-mediateprincipalstressandtheeffectoffailurecriterionontheresultsofstructuralanalysisaretakenintoaccountintheunifiedstrengththeory.TheunifiedstrengththeorywasoriginatedanddevelopedinXi’an.ItisdevelopedandappliedbymanyresearchersinChina,Japan,Singapore,USA,Australia,Swedenandothers.Thispaperpresentsasummaryoftheadvancesoftheunifiedstrengththeoryanditsapplicationsincivilandhydraulicengineering;includingunifiedsliplinefield(planestrain),unifiedcharacteristiclinefield(planestressandspatialaxisymmtricstruc-tures),unifiedsolutionsoflimitanalysisofplates,shellsandotherstructures.Theadvancesintheunifiedstrengththeoryaresummarizedontheframeworkofcontinuumandengineeringapplica-tion.ThedetailoftheunifiedstrengththeorycanbefoundinanewbookpublishedbySpringerrecently(YUMao-hong,UnifiedStrengthTheoryandItsApplications.Berlin,Springer,2004).ThecommentofSpringertotheunifiedstrengththeoryisasfollows:“Itiscompletelynewtheorydealingwiththeyieldandfailureofmaterialsundermulti-axialstresses.Itprovidesasystemofyieldandfailurecriteriaadoptedformostmaterials,frommetallicmaterialstorock,concretes,soils,polymersetc.Theunifiedstrengththeoryhasbeenappliedsuccessfullytoanalyzetheelasticlimit,plasticlimitcapacities,thedynamicresponsebehaviorforsomestructuresunderstaticandmoderateimpulsiveload,andmaybeimplementedinsomeelasto-plasticfiniteelementcomputercodes.Theunifiedstrengththeoryisdescribedindetailandbyusingthistheoryaseriesofresultscanbeobtained.TheunifiedstrengththeorycanimprovetheconservativeMohr-Coulombtheory,andsinceintermediateprincipalstressisnottakenintoaccountintheMohr-CoulombtheoryandmostexperimentaldataisnotpertainabletotheMohr-Coulombtheory,aconsiderableeconomicbenefitmaybeobtained.Thebookcanalsoincreasetheeffectofmostcommercialfiniteelementcomputercodes.Keywords:theoryofmaterialsstrength;theoryofstructuresstrength;complexstressstate;uni-fiedstrengththeory;applicationsincivilengineering0　　、。。《》()《》:“”[1]。、、,,。。、。,。182060～2090,[2～11],。,。,。。,;。。,。1　Фридман2040[12]。“”(ФридманЯ.Б.,ЕдинаяТеорияПрочностиМатериалов.Оборонгиз,Москва,1943.,ЕдинаяТеорияПрочности)。25第1期　　　　俞茂宏,等:统一强度理论的发展及其在土木水利等工程中的应用和经济意义　“Фридман-Давиденков”。1980,,,。,Фридман(),,。1985,《》[1]。,[1]。,、。AlehosseinHoodTrescaMohr-Coulomb[13]。,,、。,,。。1991。1985[14,15]。(),Mohr-Coulomb。Mohr-Coulomb(),;(),,1。1　Fig.1　Upperandlowerboundoflimitloci2060～2090,。,,π2。2　Fig.2　Threeserieslimitlocifor　　　strengththeory　19881990[16～19]。1991,,[14]。,Tresca(1864)、Mohr-Coulomb(1900)(1985),,,[6,15～18]。,ФридманAlehossein-Hood,。2　、2.1　。,。,3[17]。。,。。3τ13,τ12,τ233σ13,σ12,σ23。;,。2.2　,。26　　　　　　　　建筑科学与工程学报　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2005年3　(1989)()Fig.3　Mechanicalmodeloftheunifiedstrengththeory　(YUMao-hong1989)(Generalizedtensiles