三托福阅读长难句

长难句解读容易引起困扰的长难句形式1并列句2定语从句（省略形式）3插入结构4非谓语动词5倒装句6含有冗长的引导说明的句子7含有指代词的句子一并列结构1and连接的究竟是短语还是句子看后面的内容。OG103(235)This“papermoneyaristocracy”ofbankersandinvestorsmanipulatedthebankingsystemfortheirownprofit,Democratsclaimed,andsappedthenation’svirtuebyencouragingspeculationandthedesireforsudden,unearnedwealth.This“papermoneyaristocracy”ofbankersandinvestorsmanipulatedthebankingsystem(fortheirownprofit)andsappedthenation’svirtue(byencouragingspeculationandthedesireforsudden,unearnedwealth).第一个and是主干结构，连接并列的动词短语第二个and属于枝叶结构，连接并列的名词短语Democratsclaimed是插入语，类似于Ibelieve，先跳过去，最后看。OG235页32OG23(41)Thenineteenthcenturybroughtwithitaburstofnewdiscoveriesandinventionsthatrevolutionizedthecandleindustryandmadelightingavailabletoall.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutcandlesbeforethenineteenthcentury?ATheydidnotsmokewhentheywereburned.BTheyproducedapleasantodorastheyburned.CTheywerenotavailabletoall.DTheycontainedsulfuricacid.3Currently,aheateddebateisunderwaybetweenadvocatesofretainingourdruglawsandtheiropponents,whobelievethatcriminalizationhasfailedandencourageadoptionofapolicyofdecriminalizationcombinedwithanintensifiedemphasisoneducationandtherapy.一层结构：Currently,aheateddebateisunderwaybetween1advocatesofretainingourdruglawsand2theiropponents二层结构定语从句（opponent）whobelievethatcriminalizationhasfailedandencourage1adoptionofapolicyofdecriminalizationcombinedwith2anintensifiedemphasisoneducationandtherapy.4OG90Thiswarmtemperaturemayhelpnotonlythemusclestoworkbetter,butalsothebrainandtheeyes.5Otherresearchershavefoundthatdisapprovalofthemarriagebyfriendsandfamilyisanimportantindicatorofinstabilityaheadsincethisdisapprovalrepresentsnotonlyapredictionbypeoplewhoknowthecouplebutalsoavoteofnon-confidencefromthosewhocouldhavehelpedbindthecoupletogether.一层结构Otherresearchershavefound_____宾语从句：disapprovalofthemarriagebyfriendsandfamilyisanimportantindicatorofinstabilityahead二层结构原因状语从句：sincethisdisapprovalrepresentsnotonlyapredictionbutalsoavoteofnon-confidence三层结构两个定语从句1）apredictionbypeoplewhoknowthecouple2)avoteofnon-confidencefromthosewhocouldhavehelpedbindthecoupletogether.Agreatmarriageisnotwhenthe'perfectcouple'comestogether.Itiswhenanimperfectcouplelearnstoenjoytheirdifferences6OG10611(238)句子解释题驴象“本是同根生”1792年,托马斯·杰斐逊建立了民主共和党。19世纪初,该党发生分裂,其中一派自称国民共和党,后改称辉格党,1854年7月,辉格党与北部民主党和其他反对奴隶制的派别联合组建了共和党；而以安德鲁·杰克逊为首的另一派在1828年建立民主党,并于1840年正式定名,成为美国历史最悠久的政党。因此美国民主、共和两大政党“本是同根生”。自1861年以来，共和党当选总统18位，执政84年；民主党当选总统8位，执政56年（至克林顿2001年任满），其间竟没有任何一个第三党派得以执政。其中最具悲剧性也最富戏剧性的事例就是“水门事件”。(1972WaterGateScandal)Don’task,don’tellpolicysexualorientation保守的象脑共和党美国共和党又称“老大党”,是美国两大政党之一,其标志是大象,代表色为红色。主张小政府、减税、强军、自由贸易,限制非法移民,反对同性恋婚姻、堕胎权,反对限制持枪权。二定语从句解读定语从句对策：化连词，跳定语，找到一级主干（五大基本句型）+然后逐级分析练习1Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.分析第一层：主干：Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.主谓宾结构第二层：修饰thechild（whoisraisedinanenvironment)定语从句，who修饰thechild,充当主语。第三层：修饰environment(wheretherearemanystimuli)Where前面有先行词，可以转化成inwhich,所以是定语从句。第四层：修饰stimuli(whichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponses)Which充当主语1Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.2Butthemoviedifferedsignificantlyfromthoseotherformsofentertainment,whichdependedoneitherliveperformanceor(inthecaseoftheslide-and-lanternshows)theactiveinvolvementofamasterofceremonieswhoassembledthefinalprogram.OG(82)分析结构一级主干：Themoviedifferedfromthoseotherformsofentertainment.主谓宾结构二级主干：修饰entertainmentwhichdependedoneitherliveperformanceortheactiveinvolvement（ofamasterofceremonies）定语从句，which充当主语有个括号，当做插入语来理解，删除三级主干：修饰masterwhoassembledthefinalprogram定语从句（who充当主语）完成OG61.6Butthemoviedifferedsignificantlyfromthoseotherformsofentertainment,whichdependedoneitherliveperformanceor(inthecaseoftheslide-and-lanternshows)theactiveinvolvementofamasterofceremonieswhoassembledthefinalprogram.3Thoseindividualswhopossesscharacteristicsthatprovidethemwithanadvantageinthestruggleforexistencearemorelikelytosurviveandcontributetheirgenestothenextgeneration.OG70(91)1划出连词who,that跳过2一级主干:Thoseindividualsaremorelikelytosurvive（and）contributetheirgenestothenextgeneration.主干内部有and引导的并列结构，连接两个动词成分。3二级主干：individualswhopossesscharacteristicsWho引导的定语从句，who充当主语4三级主干：characteristicsthatprovidethemwithanadvantageinthestruggleforexistenceThat引导的定语从句，that充当主语。Thoseindividuals（1whopossesscharacteristics）（2thatprovidethemwithanadvantageinthestruggleforexistence）aremorelikelytosurviveandcontributetheirgenestothenextgeneration定语从句的省略1当that/which在定语从句中充当宾语时，可将其省略。ThisistheboythatIfellinlovewith.ThisistheboyIfellinlovewith.看下哪里缺词，什么词Allthreeofthemhavestrengthsandweakness,butnoneadequatelyanswersallofthequestionsthepaintingspresent.that2当that/which在定语从句中充当主语时，且从句的谓语动词为be动词时，可将其同时省略。Thehousewhichwasbuiltin1919wasdestroyed.Thehousebuiltin1919wasdestroyed.OG311On