初中定语从句基础篇2

初中定语从句基础讲解•什么是定语从句呢？修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。结构：先行词+关系词+句子Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.先行词关系词定语从句Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.先行词____________________关系词___定语从句关系词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why人(n.)+who/that+从句物(n.)+that/which+从句Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.Ihaveanapplethatisred.修饰先行词anapple主语主语关系词that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。Ilikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.Ilikesomefriendswholikesports.修饰先行词friends主语主语/that关系词who/that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。Ilikethemusic.Icandancetothemusic.IlikethemusicthatIcandanceto.宾语宾语关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。Ilikethegirl.Youaretalkingtothegirl.Ilikethegirlwho(m)youaretalkingto.宾语宾语/that关系词who/that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。小结：•that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。•which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.•who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）•Who/that在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数英语先行词保持一致。•Iprefershoesthatarecool.•Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports.关系代词who/that的作用：a.做代词，代替先行词b.在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾语c.做连词，把主句和从句连接起来Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.练习：判断Who/that在从句中担任主语还是宾语。•Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownsongs•HeisthemanwhoImetyesterday.•IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.•Ipreferasandwichthatisreallydelicious.主语宾语宾语主语任务I.阅读下列句子，再用who/that填空。1.Ihaveabrother_______likessoccer.2.Tomdoesn’tlikemovies_______aretoolongandtooscary.3.Weprefergroups________playloudandenergeticsongs.4.Helikesfriends_________oftenhelpeachother.who/thatthatthatwho/that任务II.请将下列题中的两个句子合并成一个句子。1．Ilikemusic.Themusicisloudandexciting._______________________________________.2.Shelovesmovies.Themoviesareromantic._______________________________________.3.Tonylikesmusic.Hecandancetothemusic.________________________________________.Ilikemusicthatisloudandexciting.Shelovesmoviesthatareromantic.Tonylikesmusicthathecandanceto.Matchthetwosentences1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?whose作定语,表示所属关系。Theboyismyclassmate.Theboy’sfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.•Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan(孤儿).•A.whoB.whose•C.who’sD.which•Lookatthegirl____nameisLucy.•A.whoB.that•C.who’sD.whosewhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.onwhichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhich==关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.forwhich=ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略•指物，只用which•指人,只用whomIsthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.“介词＋关系代词”即“介词＋which”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_____________Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays____________Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear____________mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,____________mostpeoplehadhadsupper.onwhichduringwhichinwhichbywhichB.与从句谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook____________Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_____________Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_____________welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook____________sheoftentalks?forwhichonwhichfromwhichaboutwhich1.I’llremembertheday_____Ispentwithmyfriend.2.I’llremembertheday__________Iwasborn.3.I’llremembertheday_________isspecialtome.4.Thisistheplace_________isquietandbeautiful.5.Thisistheplace______________Ilikeverymuch.6.Thisistheplace____________Iworkedforoneyear.7.That’sthereason_____________hetoldus.8.That’sthereason__________hecamelateforclass.用正确的关系词填空。that/which/Øonwhich/whenthat/whichthat/whichthat/which/Øinwhich/wherethat/which/Øforwhich/why