第三章 使用DNS实现名称解析

DNS25DNSDNSTCP/IPWindows2000DNSWindows2000DNSDNSDNSDHCPDNSDNSDNSSRVDNSDHCPDNSDNSDNS3.13.1.1HostNameTCP/IP255TCP/IPIPIPWindows2000HOSTSHOSTSIPHOSTSHOSTSDNSDNSTCP/IPFQDNIPMCSE2000----Windows2000263.1.2HOSTSWinSockIPWindows2000HOSTSHOSTSIPDNSInternetIPWindows2000systemroot\system32\drivers\etcIPHOSTSHOSTSHOSTSFQDN3.2DNS1987DNSIPDNSRFC10341035RFCDNS•DNS•DNS•DNS•DNS3.1DNS3.2.1DNSDNS273.2DNSDNS.example.microsoft.com..comInternetInternetmicrosoft.com.InternetDNSMicrosoftExample.microsoft.com.MicrosoftDNSDNShost-a.example.microsoft.comhost-aDNS3.1DNS3.2.2DNS1DNSDNSDNSDNSDNSDNSDNSDNSDNSDNSMCSE2000----Windows200028DNSDNSDNS2MasterNameServerDNSMasterNameServerMasterNameServerDNSDNSDNSMasterNameServerZoneTransfer3CacheDNSServerDNS3.3DNS3.3.1RecursiveQueriesDNSDNSDNSDNS•DNS•DNSDNSDNSDNSDNSDNS•DNS•DNS(FQDN)•DNSDNSDNSTCP/IPDNSDNSDNSIPWindows2000DNSDNS2DNSIPDNS313.1DNSDNS3.5DNS1.Add/RemoveProgramsWindowsComponentsNetworkingServicesDNSService2.TCP/IPObtainDNSServerautomaticallyDHCPDNS3.5DNS3.5.1DNSDNSzoneDNSNewZone•ZonetypesDNSDNSDNSMCSE2000----Windows200032•ZonefileIPIPWindows2000DNSStandardprimaryStandardsecondary3.5.2ResourceRecordDNSDNSFQDNIPDNSIPIP•ADNSIP•CNAMEDNS•MXDNS•PTRIPDNS•SRVWindows2000DNSAIP3.5.3DNSDNS•SOA•NSDNSNSNSSOANSDNSSOA(SOA)DNSDNSSOADNS33PrimaryServerDNSResponsiblepersonSerialnumberRefreshintervalDNSDNSRetryintervalExpireafterMinimumDefaultTTL3.2SOA3.6SOANameServerNS(NS)DNS•MCSE2000----Windows200034•DNS(A)IPNSANSAZoneTransferDNSIPWindows2000•(AXFR)DNSDNSDNS•(ZXFR)Windows2000IXFRZoneIXFRDNS1.DNS2.DNSPropertiesZoneTransfersDNS353.7•Toanyserver•OnlytoserverslistedontheNameServerstabPropertiesNameServers•OnlytothefollowingserversDNSNotifyDNSDNSDNSDNSDNS3.5.4DNSDNSDNSDNSDNSDNS•DNS•DNSMCSE2000----Windows200036DNS•organizationalaffiliationsDNSDNSDNS3.21.DNSNewDelegationNewDelegationWizard2.DelegatedDomainName3.NameServersDNSIP3.5.5DNSDNSDNSDNSDNSDNS1.DNSInternet(ISP)DNSInternetInternetInternetDNS2.DNSDNSDNSDNSInternetInternetDNSDNSDNS37Internet3.8IPIPDNS3.9DNSDNSDNSMCSE2000----Windows200038ForwardersDonotuserecursionRootHintsDNSDNSAsub.example.microsoft.commicrosoft.comABABmicrosoft.comDNSAcomcomBmicrosoft.com3.10DNS•InternetDNSDNS39•DNS%SystemRoot%System32DnsCache.dnsInternetNSADNSDNSCache.dns1.DNSWindowsDNSDNSBerkeleyInternet(BIND)BINDDNSBINDDNSNamed.bootActiveDirectoryDNSWindows2000DNS3.3DNS2.DNSDNS•DNSDNS•DNSDNSDNSDNSDNSDNSInternetDNSMCSE2000----Windows200040DNS3.11DNSDNSPropertiesAdvancedDisablerecursionDNSBINDSecondariesBINDDNSFailonloadifbadzonedataDNSWindows2000DNSEnableroundrobinIPDNSAEnablenetmaskorderingDNSASecurecacheagainstpollutionWindows2000DNS3.4DNSDNS413.5.6DNSDNSIntranetInternetDNScomDNSDNSmicrosoft.comInternetDNSIntranetDNSInternetDNSNewZone.•IntranetInternet•Internet3.6DHCPDNSWindows2000DHCPIPDHCPIPDNSDHCPDNSDNSDNSDNSWindows2000IP1Windows2000DHCPDHCP/DNS3.12Windows2000DHCPDNSMCSE2000----Windows2000421.DHCP(DHCPREQUEST)2.DHCP(DHCPACK)IP3.ADNSDNS4.DNSDHCPPTR2WindowsDHCPWindows2000DHCP/DNS3.13Windows2000DHCPDNSWindowsDHCPDNSDNSDHCP1.DHCPDHCPREQUEST2.DHCPDHCPACKIP3.DHCPADNS4.DHCPPTRDNSDHCPWindows2000DNSDNSPropertiesGeneralAllowdynamicupdatesYes3-5DHCPDNSDHCPPropertiesDNSDNSDHCPDHCPDNS•UpdateDNSonlyifDHCPclientrequestsDHCPDNSWindows2000ADHCPPTRDNS43•AlwaysupdateDNSDHCPDNSAPTR•Discardforwardname-to-addresslookupswhentheleaseexpiresA•EnableupdatesforDNSclientsthatdonotsupportdynamicupdateWindowsDHCPAPTRDNSWindows2000DNSActiveDirectoryDNSACLWindows2000DNS•Windows2000DNS•ActiveDirectoryWindows2000DNS3.7DNS3.7.1DNSDNSDNS1.DNSServerDNSTCP/IPIP2.DNSDNS3.DNSNSADNSDNSPropertiesRootHintsRootHints3.7.2DNSDNSDNSWindows2000ServerDNSMCSE2000----Windows200044SystemMonitorDNSUDPTCPDNSDNSDNSPropertiesMonitor•DNSDNSDNSDNS•DNSDNSDNSDNSDNSNS(.)3.3DNS1.DNSDNS2.MonitoringASimpleQueryAgainstThisDNSServerDNSDns.logSystemroot\System32\Dns3.7.3NSLOOKUPNslookupWindows2000DNSDNS(RR)Nslookup•InteractiveNslookup•Non-InteractiveNslookupNslookupDNS45NslookupDNSnslookupserver_ip_address127.0.0.1localhost3.7.4IPCONFIGIPCONFIGTCP/IP•ipconfig/displaydnsDNSDNSDNS•ipconfig/flushdnsDNSDNS•ipconfig/registerdnsDNSIPDNSDNSipconfig/registerdnsDHCPDNS3.7.5DnscmdWindows2000ServerDnscmdDNSDNSDNS\Support\Tools\2000RKST.msiDnscmddnscmd/