英语：语法 高中定语从句 2

第四讲定语从句(二)一、关系副词引导的定语从句三个基本的关系副词关系副词先行词所指在句中所作成分When时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语【特别提醒】when,where既能引导限定性定语从句，也能引导非限定性定语从句，而why通常引导限定性定语从句。Thatisthedaywhenhegotmarried.Thatisthetimewhenallofuslivedtogetherasafamily.ThatisthefactorywhereIusedtowork.Thatisthehospitalwheremysonwasborntenyearsago.Thatisthereasonwhyhewasfired.【用适当的关系副词填空】表示原因的先行词一般只有reason一个。表示时间的先行词除了time之外，还有：day,morning,afternoon,evening,night,week,month,year等；表示地点的先行词除了place之外，还可以是desk,table,spot,room,house,school,street,town,country等。【名师指津】Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.【2008山东高考】A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when【典题例证】√I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.（08北京卷）•A.whichB.when•C.whomD.where【典题例证】√•Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,__________theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.(07全国I)•A.thenB.there•C.whileD.where【典题例证】√1.关系副词使用的几种变化（1）关系副词通常也可以用“that+介词后置”代替或省略；（2）在正式文体中，也可以使用“介词+which”的结构。ThatistheriverwhereIusedtoswim.(关系副词)ThatistheriverthatIusedtoswimin.(that+介词后置)ThatistheriverIusedtoswimin.(省略)ThatistheriverinwhichIusedtoswim.(介词+which)【名师指津】2.【介词+which结构中的介词选择问题】Istillrememberthetimewhen(atwhich)Ifirstbecameahighschoolstudent.Thereareseveralareasinthecitywhere(inwhich)youcanbuyclothesinfashion.介词与先行词之间的搭配关系；1（1）Isawthestampofwhichmyfatherwasveryproud.（2）Hereissomemoneywithwhichyoucanbuysomebooks.介词与从句中谓语动词的搭配关系。2（3）Therewasnobodyinthefamilytowhomhecouldturnforhelp.(固定短语turntosb.向某人求助)（4）TheplayinwhichIplayedanimportantrolewasagreatsuccess.(toplayaroleintheplay就不是固定短语。)【典题例证】GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.【2009陕西高考】A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich【解析】选C。先行词是asubject，指物且关系词在从句中做介词的宾语；介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argueaboutsth。【思路点拨】能够帮助我们排除其他选项的是哪个介词与argue搭配的问题。因此，此类高考题属于定语从句考点的边缘考点，并不是定语从句的核心。1.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation___theycanseethemselvesdifferently.【2009福建高考】A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where【典题例证】抽象的先行词带来的关系副词的选择问题3√Ihavereachedapointinmylife______Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.【2009浙江高考】A.whichB.whereC.howD.why√Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.【2009重庆高考】A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where√She’llneverforgetherstaythere____shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.【2009四川高考】A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when√二、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句【非限定性定语从句的由来】TomistheonlystudentwhohasbeenadmittedtoHarvardinmyclass.汤姆是我们班唯一一个已经被哈佛大学录取的学生。Theprincipal,whowasseatedonmyright,deliveredanexcitingspeech.校长发表了一个令人振奋的演讲，当时他就坐在我右边。【限定性与非限定性定语从句的意义区别】Theoldmanhastwosonswhoserveinthearmy.老人有两个当兵的儿子。Theoldmanhastwosons,whoserveinthearmy.老人有两个儿子，都当兵。非限定性定语从句有时可以像一个并列句，例如：☆Hehasawalkafterdinnereveryevening,whichisgoodforhishealth.=Hehasawalkafterdinnereveryevening,andthisisgoodforhishealth.☆Helikesreadingbooks,whichIamdelightedtohear.=HelikesreadingbooksandIamdelightedtohearthat.非限定性定语从句还可以从意义上像一个状语从句，表示原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等。例如：Thenewengineer,whohasreadtheinstructions,failedintheproject.【归纳总结】限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句意义起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的成分起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思形式与先行词间无逗号常用逗号与主句分开翻译常译成前置定语常译成并列的分句【非限定性定语从句的引导词的问题】一般来说，除了关系代词that和关系副词why，其他定语从句的引导词均可以引导非限定性定语从句。例如：Hisspeech,whichinspiredeveryone,waswellreceived.Astudent,whowasadmittedtoanordinaryuniversity,wasgreatlydisappointed.Thecinema,whoseroofwasdamagedinthestorm,willbebroughtdown.TheywillflytoNewYorknextFriday,wheretheyhaveplannedtostayforafewweeks.Youcancomenextweekend,whenthebookswillbereadyforyou.as和which在引导非限定性定语从句时的相同点和区别：•(1)相同点：as和which都可以指代整个句子的内容。Themeetingwasputoff，which/aswasexactlywhatwewanted.这次会议延期了，这正是我们所希望的。as、which引导的非限定性定语从句•(2)不同点：as引导的从句既可以位于主句前，也可位于主句后，主从句没有前后逻辑关系，常表示“正如……”；而which引导的从句只能位于主句后，主从句常有一定的因果关系或前后顺序，常表示“这一点……”，相当于andthis或andthat。•Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。Aseveryoneknows，allthatglittersisnotgold.=Allthatglitters，aseveryoneknows，isnotgold.=Allthatglittersisnotgold，aseveryoneknows.众所周知，并不是所有发光的东西都是金子。三、定语从句使用的注意事项【1.分析成分的能力和意识】Mr.GoodmanhastobeawayonbusinessonFeb.8th,________happenstobehiswife’sbirthday.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.onwhichLastSunday,wevisitedtheLincolnMemorial,____,ofcourse,wascrowdedwithvisitorsfromallovertheworld.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.it√√(1)如果空白后面紧跟着动词的，明显缺少的是主语。(2)及物动词后必然有宾语，即如果及物动词后面没有宾语，先行词就是作动词的宾语。TheScienceMuseum,______wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.【2008江苏高考】A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where√(3)不及物动词后没有宾语，在不缺少主语的情况下，先行词则通常作状语等成分。---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?---Right,justtheone______youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what√(4)介词后面通常要跟宾语，如果介词后面没有宾语，则先行词通常作这个介词的宾语。---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?---Yes，there’sonepoint________wemustinsistonA．whyB．whereC．howD．/√【并列连词的陷阱】Tomhastwobrothers,bothofwhomlovesports.Tomhastwobrothersandbothofthemlovesports.简单的并列连词：and,but,so,or,yet【way意为“方式，方法”，作先行词时的关系词的选择问题】（1）用“介词+which”引导定语从句；例如：Idon’tlikethewayinwhichyouspeaktoyourmother.（2）用that引导定语从句；例如：Idon’tlikethewaythatyouspeaktoyourmother.（3）省略关系词；例如：Idon’tlikethewayyouspeaktoyourmother.【介词+关系副词的问题】Lookoverthere!somepeoplearestandingonthetopofthebuilding,___youcanenjoytheviewofthewholecity.A.whereB.fromwhichC.whereD.fro