基于OpenCV的运动目标检测与跟踪

基于VC的运动图像跟踪算法设计学院自动化学院专业班级学号姓名指导教师负责教师沈阳航空航天大学2013年6月沈阳航空航天大学毕业设计（论文）I摘要运动目标检测与跟踪作为计算机视觉领域的一个重要分支与基础，在工业、医疗保健、航空航天、军事等各个领域具有广泛的应用前景，一直受到广泛的关注，并成为计算机视觉领域的一个研究热点。但是由于运动目标检测问题本身的复杂性，运动目标的检测与跟踪依然面临着诸多挑战。本文在现有研究成果的基础上，对静态场景下的运动目标检测跟踪进行了深入的讨论。本文首先对运动目标检测的基本方法----帧间差分法与背景差分法进行了深入的学习和探讨，然后，借助于OpenCV技术，在VisualC++6.0编程环境下开发了运动目标检测跟踪系统。该系统首先对采集的视频图像序列进行相关的预处理之后，将视频图像序列中的运动目标比较可靠地检测出来。通过系统的测试结果和数据可以得出结论：本文基于OpenCV设计的运动目标检测跟踪系统具有良好的实时性，能够正确地进行运动目标的实时检测与跟踪。关键词：运动目标检测；帧间差分法；视频图像；OpenCV基于VC的运动图像跟踪算法设计IIAlgorithmDesignofImageMotionTrackingBasedonVCAbstractMovingtargetdetectionandtrackingfieldofcomputervisionasanimportantbranchofthefoundation,intheindustrial,healthcare,aerospace,militaryandotherfieldswithawiderangeofapplications,hasbeenwidespreadconcern,andthefieldofcomputervisiontobecomearesearchhotspot.However,duetomovingtargetdetectioncomplexityoftheproblemitself,movingtargetdetectionandtrackingisstillfacingmanychallenges.Inthispaper,basedontheresultsofexistingresearchinstaticscenesofthemovingtargetdetectionandtrackingin-depthdiscussion.Thisarticlefirstbasicmethodofmovingtargetdetection-framedifferencemethodandbackgroundsubtractionmethodconductedin-depthstudyanddiscussion,andthen,bymeansofOpenCVtechnology,VisualC6.0programmingenvironmentdevelopedamovingtargetdetectionandtrackingsystem.Thesystemandthecollectionoftheassociatedvideosequenceafterpretreatment,thevideoimageofthemovingtargetsequencecomparisonreliablydetected.Throughsystematictestresultsanddatacanbeconcluded:BasedonOpenCVdesignmovingtargetdetectionandtrackingsystemhasgoodreal-time,beabletoproperlycarryoutreal-timemovingtargetdetectionandtracking.Keywords:movingtargetdetection;framedifferencemethod;videoframe;OpenCV沈阳航空航天大学毕业设计（论文）III目录1绪论.............................................................................................................................11.1课题来源与背景.........................................................................................................11.2数字图像处理技术的发展与应用.............................................................................11.3运动目标检测技术的研究现状.................................................................................21.4本文的任务、主要内容及结构.................................................................................41.5本章小结.....................................................................................................................52OpenCV技术介绍.............................................................................................................62.1OpenCV简介..............................................................................................................62.2OpenCV的优势..........................................................................................................62.3OpenCV在VisualC++6.0下的配置方法.................................................................72.4OpenCV中常用的数据结构及函数介绍..................................................................92.5本章小结...................................................................................................................133图像预处理.....................................................................................................................143.1图像的获取与灰度转换...........................................................................................143.1.1图像噪声............................................................................................................153.1.2噪声的特征........................................................................................................153.1.3噪声的分类........................................................................................................153.2图像滤波...................................................................................................................163.2.1中值滤波原理....................................................................................................163.2.2中值滤波特性....................................................................................................173.3本章小结...................................................................................................................184运动目标检测.................................................................................................................194.1运动目标检测的基本方法.......................................................................................194.1.1帧间差分法........................................................................................................204.1.2背景差法............................................................................................................214.1.3光流法................................................................................................................224.2本文采用的算法设计...............................................................................................22基于VC的运动图像跟踪算法设计IV4.2.1新算法思想........................................................................................................234.2.2算法描述.........................................................................