溶胶-凝胶法的基本原理、发展及应用现状

:2008-04-28:(:2007kp10)。:　(1982-),,,,。:　,E-mail:[e-mail]。　　:1004-9533(2009)03-0273-05-、王　,李　晨,徐　博(,232001):溶胶-凝胶法是一种条件温和的材料制备方法,简述了Sol-Gel法的基本原理和主要步骤,讨论了溶胶-凝胶法在复合材料制备过程中的应用及其发展前景。:溶胶-凝胶法;原理;发展;应用:TQ427　:ABasicPrinciple,AdvanceandCurrentApplicationSituationofSol-GelMethodWANGJuan,LIChen,XUBo(HuainanNormalUniversity,Huainan232001,AnhuiProvince,China)Abstract:Sol-gelmethodisamethodformaterialpreparationundermildcondition.Inthispaper,basicprinciplesofsol-gelmethodandthemainsteparebrieflydescribed,theapplicationandtheprospectsfordevelopmentofsol-gelmethodintheofpreparationprocesscompoundmaterialsarediscussed.Keywords:sol-gelmethod;principle;development;application　　-(Sol-Gel,S-G),,、,,,,,,。、。-、、,[1]。,-、,、(Tc)[2]。1　Sol-Gel1.1　Sol-Gel:1):Mz+M(H2O)z+n,,H+。M(H2O)z+nM(H2O)n-1(OH)(z-1)+H+2):,M(OR)n。M(OR)n+xH2O=M(OH)x(OR)n-x+xROH—M(OH)n3):,a)20095May2009　　　　　　　　　CHEMICAL　INDUSTRY　AND　ENGINEERING26　3　Vol.26　　No.3—M—OH+HO—M—=—M—O—M—+H2Ob)—M—OR+HO—M—=—M—O—M—+ROH1.2　-:1)-,,,,;2),,;3),,,,,,;4)。,-,:;;-,;;;,。,,:,　　　,;,;-。2　Sol-GelSol-Gel1。1　Sol-Gel　-,-Sol-Gel、Sol-GelSol-Gel,-1。1　-Sol-GelpH,1.;2.;3.,。Sol-Gel1.;2.;3.;4.。Sol-Gel1.;2.;3.。、2.1　,,。。1):R=274　　　　　　　　　　20095n(H2O)∶n[M(OR)n]。,R0.5～1.0,,,1nm,,;(R≥100),,。,。2):,,,、。,,H3O+,,,,;OH-,,,,,,,。3):。,,、,。,,。4)[3]:,(),,;,,,。,。,。5):、、,。6):。,;,。,,。7):,,;。2.2　-。(hydrogel),(alcogel)(aerogel),(precipitate)。,:(cluster),。,。,。。,,,,NewtonBingham,。Sol-Gel。,pH(),OH-,,,,。,。,()(--)。,-、[4],,,,。,,。,、[5]。,,,。,[6],。275263　:-、　　　　　2.3　2.3.1　3:;;。,,,。,,。,,。,,。,。,,。2.3.2　[7]-,、。、、。2.3.3　、。,,。:。,。。,。,,,。2.3.4　,,,。,:;;。,[8]。2.3.5　DCCA[9](dryingcontrolchemicaladditives,DCCA),、、。DCCA,[7],,。DCCA,,,。2.4　、,4:、-、。,。,,265～300℃(—OR),300℃(—OH)。、(CO2、H2O、ROH),(—OR),,。,、,。,。,。。,、。3　-,LiTaO2、LiNbO3、PbTiO3、Pb(ZiTi)O3BaTiO3。[10],[11]。、、、、。SiO2-TiO2,,;InO3-SnO2(ITO);SiO2。276　　　　　　　　　　20095,、、。、;、;TiO2γ-Al2O3,[12]。4　,-:1):;,,;,;(、)。2)。Sol-Gel-EISA(evaporation-inducedself-assembly)[13]。-,-,。:[1]　BRINKERCJ.SCHERERGW.Sol-GelScience:ThePhysicsandChemistryofSol-GelProcessing[M].SanDiego:AcademicPress,1990.[2]　MOUGANIET,MORAMM,SUMNERJ,etal.Chemicalandphysicalanalysisofacetate-oxidesol-gelprocessingroutesfortheY-Ba-Cu-Osystem[J].JournalofSol-GelScienceandTechnology,2005,36(1):87-94.[3]　,.[M].:,1998.[4]　,.-[J].,1993,11(2):56-63.[5]　DAOUDM.Randomlybranchedpolymers[J].JPhys,1990,68:1094-1098.[6]　CHIUYY,LEELJ.Microgelformationinthefree-radicalcross-linkingpolymerizationofethylene-glycoldimethacrylate(EGDMA).1.2.Experimental[J].JPolymSci,1995,33:257-267,269-283.[7]　MUKHERJCCSP.InUltrastructureProcessingofAdvancedCeramics[M].NewYork:Wiely-interscience,1988.[8]　..[J],1994(9):44-45.[9]　ZEHLG.BISCHOFFS.Controlofthespecificsurface-areaofsilicabyasol-gelprocessusing2-methylpentane-2,4-diol[J].JMatterChem,1995,5:1893-1897.[10]　TOHGEN.Preparationofhigh-Tcsuperconductingoxide-filmsinthebi-(Pb)-Ca-Sr-Cu-Osystemfromstabilizedmetal-alkoxides[J].JNon-CrystSolids,1990,121:443-447.[11]　SAKKAS.sol-gelprocessingofinsulating,electroconductingandsuperconductingfibers[J].JNon-CrysSolids,1990,121:417-423.[12]　CHOIJ,BANJY,CHOUNGSJ,etal.Sol-gelsynthesis,characterizationandphotocatalyticactivityofmesoporousTiO2γ-Al2O3granules[J].JournalofSol-GelScienceandTechnology,2007,44:21-28.[13]　BRINKERCJ.Evaporation-inducedself-assembly:functionalnanostructuresmadeeasy[J].MRSBulletin,2004,29(9):631-640.277263　:-、