中考英语专题复习一名词

语法知识梳理专题一名词掌握名词所有格的构成及其变化；掌握可数名词与不可数名词的区别及用法。中考考查形式：选择题、补全句子及补全短文。普通名词专有名词（人名、地名）可数名词不可数名词名词1.单数的表达一般可用a，an，one来修饰。注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*abook*anEnglishbook*anhour（一）可数名词flowerflowers找规律,总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxes2.名词的复数形式规则变化(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog–dogs*book–books(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box–boxes*watch–watches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country–countries*factory–factories请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy–boysholiday-holidays*monkey–monkeys(4)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”/vz/*half–halves*self–selves*knife–knives*leaf–leaves找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes英雄吃马铃薯和西红柿pianos(5)以o结尾的名词,有生命的加es.无生命的加s读作/z/.*piano–pianos*zoo–zoosphoto-photospotato–potatoestomato–tomatoeschild--childrenwoman--womensheepman--men不规则变化(1)单复数同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheep(2)变元音字母oo为eetooth–teethfoot–feet(3).变man为menman–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)–Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)(4).常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothesshoestrousersglasses这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.可数名词可以被a,an,one,two以及howmany，many，afew，few，any，lotsof,alotof，some等修饰*Thereareafewpeopleinthepark.*Howmanyknivesarethereinyourpencil-box?1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree．Andtheyaretalkingabout______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child★★4.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，Germans★★物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。如:water，rice，fish，meat等。worktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine（二）不可数名词1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2.不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any等修饰*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.*arice(X)twobread(X)3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变*apieceofpaper*threeglassesoforange4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)time(时间)–times(次数)1.Pleasegiveme______paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,fewDDCA表示名词间的所有关系,意为：“…的”一.名词所有格的构成方式1.一般情况下，在名词后加“’s”Kangkang’sfatherLucy’sbook2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”Teachers’officeTheGreens’house（三）名词所有格3.无生命名词的所有关系用of或to，构成所属关系的短语*thecolorofthewall*amapofChinathekeytothedoortheanswertothequestion1.June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child2.Thebedroomisthe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twinsCC跟踪训练1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数*Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.2.man,woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致*Weneedamanteacher.*Theyareallwomenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式*asportsstar*aclothesshop（四）名词的用法重难点突破1.Ourhospitalneedstwo___doctors,Mrs.Li.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.womanD.menD4.当出现“单位+of+名词”时，谓语动词应根据“单位”的单复数决定。Thispairofshoesisnice.比较：Theshoesarenice.Herearetwopiecesofnews.比较：Thenewsisexciting.2.Thispairofshorts___tooexpensive.Ican’tafford____.A.are,themB.are,itC.is,themD.is,it重难点突破C5.当数词与单位名词一起构成合成形容词做定语时，单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。*Heisafourteen-year-oldboy.*Thisisatwo-hourplan.3.Themodelplanewasmadebya____boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold重难点突破C6名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。*Herfamilyisalargeoneandherfamilyareallteachers.她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。4.Thepolice___onthestreetwhenaccidenthappened.A.isB.areC.wasD.were重难点突破D7.名词所有格的几个注意点可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略*myaunt’s(home）(我姑姑家）*gototheteachers’(office）(去老师办公室）5.WhereisTom?---Hehasgonetothe_____.A.teacherB.teachersC.teacher’sD.teachers’重难点突破D8.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s”*LucyandLily’sroom露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）请区别:Lucy’sandLily’sschoolbags.露西的包和莉莉的包（两人各有一个包）6.Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’s重难点突破D9.物主代词与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any等词共同修饰名词时，需用双重所有格，其构成为名词+of+名词所有格（或名词性物主代词）aphotoofLucy’s路西的一张照片7.Lookatthatoldman.Heis____.A.afriendofmyB.afriendofmineC.Ame'sfriendD.amyfriend重难点突破B10.名词所有格（’s）也可以用于无生命的东西，主要用于时间，度量衡等名词之后此表达可以和合成形容词互换twomonths’vacation=two-monthvacation8.It’s____fromourschooltomyhome.A.tenminutes’walkB.tenminute’swalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalk重难点突破A指点迷津1.Tenyears______(is,are)shorttimeforme.2.Apairofshoes______(is,are)underthebed.3.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool_____(is,are)2,000.4.Thewomanwithtwochildren______(is,are)cominghere.5.NeitherhenorI____(is,am)anAmerican.isamisisis指点迷津6.Maths______(are,is)hardtolearnfortheboy.7.Theyareall_______________(woman,teachers;womenteachers).8.ThepopulationofChina_______(are,is)over1,300,000,000.9.Therearemany______(peoples,people)onthestreetinsummer.10.Oneofthestudents______(have,has)gonetoShanghai.isiswomenteacherspeoplehhas根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(bo