形容词、副词(六年级英语)

形容词、副词词及其比较等级一．形容词、副词的概念。形容词：是用来直接或间接地修饰，限定名词来说明人或物的性质、状态或特性的词。副词：是用来修饰动词或整个句子，使其更具体、更全面、更生动地描述动作或整个事情进行情况的词。一．形容词、副词的用法1.形容词一般在句子中作定语，放在名词前，都含有“……的”意思。如：anicewatch一只漂亮的手表acleverboy一个聪明的男孩anemptybox一个空箱子abeautifulgirl一个美丽的女孩deliciousfood可口的食物aninterestingbook一本有趣的书注意：有些形容词只能放在连系动词后做表语，不能修饰名词。如：Theboyisasleep.LucyandLilylookalike.Hermotherisill.2.副词一般修饰动词，可以放在句子的前面、中间或最后。如：Theylivehappily.(快乐地)Theyarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.（认真地）Don’tspeakloudlyinclass.（大声地）注意：连系动词不用副词修饰，直接加形容词做表语。连系动词有feel,smell,get,become,turn,sound,look等。如：Herfacebecamepale.苍白的Thefishsmellsterrible.难闻的Thefoodtastesdelicious.可口的Thisclothfeelssoft.柔软的3.部分形容词加-ly可变成副词。如：形容词副词quickquicklyslowslowlyquietquietlycarefulcarefullyhappyhappily注意：并不是以ly结尾的单词都是副词，名词加-ly可变形容词。如：名词形容词friendfriendly友好的sistersisterly姐妹的brotherbrotherly兄弟的lovelovely可爱的有些名词加-y可变成形容词。如：名词形容词rainrainy下雨的snowsnowy下雪的couldcloudy多云的saltsalty咸的fogfogy有雾的sandsandy有沙的windwindy有风的三．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则大多数形容词、副词都有等级的变化，表示“比……更……”或“最……”。形容词用来表示物得等级差别一般有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。如：tall-taller-tallestlittle-less-leastfast-faster-fastest1.规则变化规则原级比较级最高级一般情况下，+er,+estquickcleverquickerclevererquickestcleverest一不发音的e结尾的单音节词，+r,+stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再+er,+estheavyeasyhappyheaviereasierhappierheaviesteasiesthappiest重读闭音节结尾的形容词或副词，要双写末尾的辅音字母，再+er,+estfatbigthinwetfatterbiggerthinnerwetterfattestbiggestthinnestwettest部分双音节和多音节词要在前面加more或mostcarefulinterestingbeautifulmorecarefulmoreinterestingmorebeautifulmostcarefulmostinterestingmostbeautiful2.不规则变化good/well-better-bestbad-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther-farthestfar-further-furthestold-older-oldestold-elder-elder四．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法。一．原级的用法1.as原级as…如…一样…AorB?如：LilyisastallasLucy.莉莉和露西一样高。2.notas…as…=notso…as…不如……(表示否定)如:MikeisnotascleverasTom.迈克不如汤姆聪明。Heisnotsotallashissister.他没有姐姐长得高。二．形容词、副词的比较级的用法。1.句子结构：A+be….比较级than+B。如：Heistallerthanme.他长得比我高。注意：much,rather,far,abit,alittle,even这些词常用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级。如：HeismuchtallerthanPeter.他的个子比彼得的个子高得多。2.形容词或副词的最高级前要用the,副词的最高级前的the可省去。如：Heruns(the)fastestinhisclass.他在班上跑得最快。YaoMingisthetallestinChinesebasketballteam.姚明是中国篮球队中长得最高的队员。3.who/which+be+比较级，如：Whoistaller,TomorJohn?4.much/alittle,alot等可以修饰比较级如：Theelephantismuchbiggerthanthedog.5.the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越。。。。。。就越。。。。。。”如：Themoreyoulearn,themoreyouknow.6.形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级表示“越来越。。。。。。”如：Theclothesaremoreandmoreexpensive.衣服越来越贵了Theballisbiggerandbigger.气球越来越大了。三．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法。1.who/which+be+比较级，如：Whoisthetallest,Tom,TimorJohn?2.oneofthe最高级+名词复数：表示最。。。的。。。其中之一如：Sheisoneofthetallestgirlsinherclass.3.……+be+the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+比较范围表示“是…的第几”如：Sheisthesecondtalleststudentinourclass.她是我们班第二高的学生。专题训练（简单型）一．按要求写出下列单词的正确形式。1.good(比较级)_____________2.thin(最高级)_____________3.heavy(比较级)_____________4.happy(最高级)_____________5.bad(比较级)_____________6.little(最高级)_____________7.far(比较级)_____________8.careful(副词)_____________9.slow(副词)_____________10.earliest(原级)_____________一．写出下面次的比较级和最高级。1.tall________________________2.heavy_______________________3.small________________________4.big_______________________5.young________________________6.old_______________________7.fat________________________8.strong_______________________9.thin________________________10.much_______________________11.good________________________12.little_______________________13.easy________________________14.large_______________________15.high________________________16.pretty_______________________17.late________________________18.slowly______________________19.beautiful__________________________________________20.interesting_________________________________________二．选择题。(简单型)（）1.Theyellowshoesare_________thantheblueones.A.expensiveB.expensiverC.moreexpensive（）2.Acowis______biggerthanamouse.A.moreB.muchC.many（）3.Who’sthe______,Jean,JoanorJennet?A.thinnerB.thinestC.thinnest（）4.Idon’thaveenoughmoneyforthisskirt.Iwanttobuya_______skirt.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapest（）5.Timis_________thanJack.A.funnyB.muchfunnyC.funnier（）6.Thereis______waterinthisbottlethaninthatone.A.littleB.lessC.least（）7.I’mtallerthanothersinmyclass.I’m________.A.tallB.tallestC.thetallest（）8.Whocansingbetter_______Rose?A.thanB.thenC./（）9.Ihave_______booksthanyouhave.A.manyB.muchC.more（）10.Nineis______pupilinmyclass.A.goodB.betterC.thebest选择题。（中等型）（）1.Whichsubjectdoyoulike______,mathsorEnglish?A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best（）2.Thisredroseis_______ofallflowers.A.beautifulB.muchmorebeautifulC.wellD.thebest（）3.Mybookisnewerthan______.A.heB.hisC.ourD.we（）4.Heis_______studentinhisclass.A.goodB.betterC.thebestD.best（）5.Look!Thebee______thanthebird.A.flyhigherB.isflyinghigherC.ashighasD.flieshigher（）6.Hishensare______andfat.A.bigB.biggerC.biggestD.thebiggest（）7.Sheknows______abouthistorythanmostpeople.A.moreB.muchC.mostD.many（）8.Itwasreallya(an)______story.A.afraidB.excitedC.excitingD.worried（）9.Whichcityis________fromhere,BeijingorShanghai?A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.thefarthest（）10.Thisbuildingis_______thattree.A.sotallasB.astallasC.sotallerasD.astalleras三．根据句意，用所给形容词或副词的正确形式填空。1.Winteris_______