George-Gordon-Byron-拜伦

GeorgeGordonByron乔治.戈登.布朗1788-1824GeorgeGordonByron,6thBaronByron.LordGeorgeGordonByron(1788-1824)wasasfamousinhislifetimeforhispersonalitycultasforhispoetry..Hecreatedtheconceptofthe'Byronichero'-adefiant,melancholyyoungman,broodingonsomemysterious,unforgivableeventinhispast..Byron'sinfluenceonEuropeanpoetry,music,novel,opera,andpaintinghasbeenimmense..HewasthemostrenownedEnglish-languagepoetofhisday.EarlylifeGeorgeGordonByron,alsoknownastheLordByron,wasborninanoblefamilyinLondonon22January1788,oneyearbeforetheFrenchRevolution.patents•hisfatherwasacaptainnicknamedMadJack,whohadsquanderedawaythemoneyofthepoet'smotherandthendesertedher,finallydieddeepindebtwhenhewasachild.•hismotherwasaScottishnoblewoman,CatherineGordon,adescendantoftheKingofScotland.Byron’smotherWhenhewasten,in1798,thedeathofByron'sgreat-uncle,allowedthe10-year-oldtobecomethe6thLordByron（拜伦勋爵）Thehouse,NewsteadAbbey,builtintheruinsofanAugustinianpriorythreehundredyearsbefore奥古斯丁修道院的遗址EducationHarrowandCambrige1798-180910-21•InhissecondyearatCambridge,asapublishedauthor,hewasacceptedintoagroupofolder,influentialscholars,manyofwhomremainedhisclosestfriendsforlife.AtCambridge,also,hehadbecomeentrancedbythebeautifulfaceandangelicsingingvoice.•whileastudent,Byronpublishedhisfirstcollectionofpoem,HoursofIdleness《悠闲的时光》(1807-19)，whichwerecruellyattacked.•Twoyearslater(1809-21),intheformofasatire,EnglishBardsandScotchReviewers《英国诗人和苏格兰评论家》publishedandcausedgreatshockintheupperclasses.FirstTravelstotheEastAfterthesuccess,ByronspentthenexttwoyearsinEurope(1809-1811)21-23.TheexperienceinEuropeprovidedhimwithpoeticalmaterialandhiscreativeworksoonreachedanewstagespainPortugalturkeygreeceThefirsttwocantosofhisChildeHarold‘sPilgrimage(1809)《恰尔德.哈罗德游记》werepublished,andimmediatelywongreatpopularity.HesaidIwokeuponedayandfoundmyselffamous.Politicallife181123Giaour《异教徒》TheBrideofAbydos《阿比道斯的新娘》1813Lara《莱拉》1813TheCorsair《海盗》1814Parisina《帕里西娜》ThesiegeofCorinth《柯林斯之围》1816“OrientalTales”—“Byronicheroes”Marriage1815-181627-28•InJanuary1815,ByronmarriedMissMilbanke.itprovedaunhappymarriage.ayearafterthebirthoftheirdaughterAda,thenhiswifelefthimandrefusedtocomeback,sayingHewasinsaneAdaByron,wasoneofthemostpicturesquecharactersincomputerhistoryLeaveLondonForeverIn1816,28-yearold•OnApril25,1816,heleftEnglandforever.•hisleavingremarkedhissplitwiththereactionaryBritishGov.andthehypocriticalEnglishhighsocietyByronleftLondonforeverSwitzerland1816-28Byron,inneedofafriend,becameveryattachedtoShelley.Thetimetheyspenttogetherdiscussingphilosophyandpoetry,enrichedhiscraftsmanship.Sonnetonchillon《关于锡隆的十四行诗》Theprisonerofchillon(1816)《锡隆的囚徒》narrativepoemManfred《曼弗雷德》apoeticaldramaInItaly(1816-1823),ByronwasreunitedwithShelleyandmadeacquaintancewithCountessGuiciolli,whosefatherandbrotherwereardentItalianpatriotsCarbonari碳烧党,asecretpatrioticorganization,aimedattheliberationofItaly,butwasadefeatin1821ThemostfruitfulyearsinByron‘sliterarycareerChildeHarold《恰尔德.哈罗德》DonJuan《唐璜》masterpieceGain《该隐》poeticaldramaThepropheryofDante《但丁预言》TheVisionofJudgement《审判的幻境》InItaly(1816-1823)28-35ByroninGreece1821-182333-36•InGreece,arebellionhadbegunagainsttheTurksandacommitteehadbeenorganizedinEnglandtoraisemoneytosupportthewar.•ByronwenttoGreeceandplungedintothestrugglefortheindependenceofthatcountry,hadfinallysoldNewsteadAbbeyByroninHelmetByronDiedOnApril19,182336-year-oldByronshoutingindelirium:“Forward!forward!followme!”Byron’sdeath,wasdeeplymournedbytheGreekpeopeandbyallprogressivepeoplethroughouttheworldTheWorksofLordByron1788-1824LiteraryWorks•HoursofIdleness(1806)•EnglishBardsandScotchReviewers(1809)•ChildeHarold'sPilgrimage(1818)•TheGiaour(1813)•TheCorsair(1814)•Lara(1814)•TheSiegeofCorinth(poem)(1816)•Cain(1821)•TheVisionofJudgement(1821)•TheAgeofBronze(1823)•DonJuan(1819–1824;incompleteonByron'sdeathin1824)LiteraryWorks3)ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage（1812-1818)《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》alengthynarrativepoem.Thepoemdescribesthetravelsandreflectionsofaworld-wearyyoungmanwho,disillusionedwithalifeofpleasureandrevelry,looksfordistractioninforeignlands;inawidersense,itisanexpressionofthemelancholyanddisillusionmentfeltbyagenerationwearyofthewarsofthepost-RevolutionaryandNapoleoniceras.Thetitlecomesfromthetermchilde,amedievaltitleforayoungmanwhowasacandidateforknighthoodSpenserianstanzas9-linestanzarhymedAbabbcbccautobiographicalbaseduponByron'stravelstheconceptoftheByronicherophilosophicalandpoliticalviewslongpoemwith4cantosChildeHarold'sPilgrimageeightiambicpentameterlinesfollowedbyonealexandrine(atwelvesyllableiambicline)ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage•Oncemoreuponthewaters!yetoncemore!AndthewavesboundbeneathmeasasteedThatknowshisrider.Welcometotheirroar!Swiftbetheirguidance,wheresoe'eritlead!Thoughthestrainedmastshouldquiverasareed,Andtherentcanvasflutteringstrewthegale,StillmustIon;forIamasaweed,Flungfromtherock,onOcean'sfoam,tosailWhere'erthesurgemaysweep,thetempest'sbreathprevail.•又到了海上！又一次以海为家！•我欢迎你，欢迎你，吼叫的波浪！•我身下的汹涌的海潮象识主的骏马；•快把我送走，不论送往什么地方，•虽然那紧张的桅杆要象芦苇般摇晃，•虽然破裂的帆篷会在大风中乱飘，•然而我还是不得不流浪去他乡，•因为我象从岩石上掉下的一棵草，•将在海洋上漂泊