数学建模论文(A[1][1].垃圾的分类处理与清运方案)(建议修改处)道县五中--道县教育局

垃圾的分类处理与清运方案1数学建模比赛预选A题：垃圾分类处理与清运方案设计垃圾分类化收集与处理是有利于减少垃圾的产生，有益于环境保护，同时也有利于资源回收与再利用的城市绿色工程.在发达国家普遍实现了垃圾分类化，随着国民经济发展与城市化进程加快，我国大城市的垃圾分类化已经提到日程上来.2010年5月国家发改委、住房和城乡建设部、环境保护部、农业部联合印发了《关于组织开展城市餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理试点工作的通知》，并且在北京、上海、重庆和深圳都取得一定成果，但是许多问题仍然是垃圾分类化进程中需要深入研究的.在深圳，垃圾分为四类：橱余垃圾、可回收垃圾、有害垃圾和其他不可回收垃圾，这种分类顾名思义不难理解.其中对于居民垃圾，基本的分类处理流程如下：在垃圾分类收集与处理中，不同类的垃圾有不同的处理方式，简述如下：垃圾的分类处理与清运方案21）橱余垃圾可以使用脱水干燥处理装置，处理后的干物质运送饲料加工厂做原料.不同处理规模的设备成本和运行成本（分大型和小型）见附录1说明.2）可回收垃圾将收集后分类再利用.3）有害垃圾，运送到固废处理中心集中处理.4）其他不可回收垃圾将运送到填埋场或焚烧场处理.所有垃圾将从小区运送到附近的转运站，再运送到少数几个垃圾处理中心.显然，1）和2）两项中，经过处理，回收和利用，产生经济效益，而3）和4）只有消耗处理费用，不产生经济效益.本项研究课题旨在为深圳市的垃圾分类化进程作出贡献.为此请你们运用数学建模方法对深圳市南山区的分类化垃圾的实现做一些研究，具体的研究目标是：1）假定现有垃圾转运站规模与位置不变条件下，给出大、小型设备（橱余垃圾）的分布设计，同时在目前的运输装备条件下给出清运路线的具体方案.以期达到最佳经济效益和环保效果.2）假设转运站允许重新设计，请为问题1）的目标重新设计.仅仅为了查询方便，在题目附录2所指出的网页中，给出了深圳市南山区所有小区的相关资料，同时给出了现有垃圾处理的数据和转运站的位置.其他所需数据资料自行解决.垃圾的分类处理与清运方案3论文题目：垃圾分类处理与清运方案设计姓名1：唐宏庆学号：09090230专业：数学与应用数学姓名1：赵彩仙学号：09090248专业：数学与应用数学姓名1：邓建华学号：08190106专业：计算机科学与技术2011年5月7日垃圾的分类处理与清运方案4目录一.摘要··························································································································5二问题的提出················································································································6三.问题的分析··············································································································63.1问题所要考虑的主要因素··············································································63.2问题的转化与数学描述··················································································73.3算法选择及其时间复杂度分析······································································83.4考虑转运站重新设计情况··············································································8四符号说明和模型假设································································································84.1符号说明··········································································································84.2模型假设··········································································································8垃圾的分类处理与清运方案5五.数学模型的建立与求解··························································································95.1数学模型的建立······························································································91.城市生活垃圾产生量窥测方法································································92.垃圾清运路线优化····················································································93.转运站设置······························································································114.转运优化··································································································115.2数学模型的求解····························································································121.问题的转化与数学刻画··········································································122.算法的描述与求解··················································································133．复杂度比较分析······················································································144．模型评价··································································································15六．进一步的问题分析································································································156.1关于算法的思考··························································································156.2关于“和谐垃圾站节点[7]”的构想···························································16七.参考文垃圾的分类处理与清运方案6献················································································································17一．摘要：城市生活垃圾是人们生活中产生的固体废弃物.在收集、运输和处理处置过程中，垃圾中所含有的和产生的有害成份，会对大气、土壤、水体造成污染，不仅严重影响城市环境质量，而且威胁人民身体健康，成为社会公害之一.如何解决城市垃圾问题，还城市乡居民一个健康洁净的生存环境，已引起全社会的高度重视.现在我们以深圳市南山区垃圾的分类处理与清运为研究对象，根据南山区生活垃圾的特性，设计一个科学合理的垃圾的分类处理与清运方案，因此我们需对垃圾车的收运路线进行合理优化，以降低收运系统成本，减少环境污染和社会影响.本文在参考国内外大量文献的基础上,研究了国内外城市生活垃圾收集与运输路线的优化模型与方法,通过各种模型与方法的对比,借鉴已有的研究思路与方法,应用神经网络的理论，找出影响垃圾分类处理与清运的主要因素，采集人工神经网络训练所需的样本并进行数据预处理；设计一套相应的算法并进行计算机实现；分析基于人工神经网络的垃圾的分类处理与清运系统的作用、应用方法与可以推广和改进的地方，从而建立一套有效的垃圾分类处理与清运系统.关健词：生活垃圾人工神经网络模型数据预处理计算机算法收运系统优化模型深圳市南山区垃圾的分类处理与清运方案7二．问题的提出：面对城市生活垃圾泛滥成灾和围剿城市的现实，我们有必要选择科学合理的方案，以还居民一个洁净舒适的生活环境，但同时我们也面临多条线路的选择问题.现在拟开发一个解决清运线路选则问题的自助查询计算机系统，要解决的核心问题就是线路的选择的模型和算法实现.需要解决的具体问题如下：1）假定现有垃圾转运站规模与位置不变条件下，给出大、小型设备（橱余垃圾）的分布设计，同时在目前的运输装备条件下给出清运路线的具体方案.以期达到最佳经济效益和环保效果.2）假设转运站允许重新设计，请为问题1）的目标重新设计.三．问题的分析：近年来,随着经济的快速发展,城市人口的迅猛增加以及人们生活水平的不断提高,城市生活垃圾问题成为日渐突出的问题,垃圾的产生量大于清运量,无害化处理量更小,垃圾污染事故频出,严重破坏了城市生态环境系统的平衡.城市生活垃圾已成为制约城市社会经济发展的主要因素之一.城市生活垃圾的运输环节是垃圾处理系统中的重要组成部分,在垃圾处理成本中,收集与运输成本占相当大的比例,如Wilson指出美国每年的垃圾处理费用总额约在200亿美元左右,其中收集运输费用已超过100亿美元[1].因而有必要对垃圾车的收运路线进行合理优化,以降低收运系统成本,减少环境污染与社会影响.因此,如何使城市生活垃圾的收运系统快速化、高效化、合理化、经济化是近年来被广泛关注和研究的一个课题.3.1问题所要考虑的主要因素在研究垃圾分类处理与清运方案和相关算法时，我们有必要考虑问题的主要垃圾的分类处理与清运方案8因素，在保证垃圾能正常合理的转运清运处理下，尽量的节省能源，即里程最短、费用最少、时间尽量少、车队规模尽量小、车辆利用率高等.3.2问题的转化与数学描述问题的关键是在一定条件下求出任意两站点之间的投资线路.如果将所有站点看作结点，站点之间用同一趟车转运垃圾（当考虑站点间运送时间时）可以到达看作一条有向边，所花费的时间看作边权，则某一时刻的的公共交通状态便形成了一个网络.因为站点与站点之间可能有多种到达方式，所以该网络是一个多重有向图[2].问题就转化为一个图论问题，即在给定的加权网络图中寻找任意两点之间满足一定权值条件（本题表示为路