宾语从句,表语从句解析

nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋主语补语(表语）Sheishappy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereisabookonthedesk.简单句基本句型实例Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:1.Theworldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-loving.subjectobjectsubjectpredicativepredicativesubject名词性从句•名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.什么叫名词性从句？•在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）•名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等•因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclauseObjectClauses宾语从句M3U3Grammar1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）什么是宾语？•Iknowhim.•Doyouhavethetime?•Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.•Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。E.g.WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序时态如何区分宾语从句？•Theyknowtheteacher.主语谓语宾语•Theyknowtheteacherisverykind.主语谓语宾语从句▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。宾语从句变否定句。如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we时，并且谓语动词多为think、guess、believe等表示心理活动的词时，变否定句要否定转移，即否定主句。否则，变否定句看从句。Ithinkchickencanswim（变否定句）Idon’tthinkchickencanswimHesaidthathewouldgoshopping（变否定句）Hesaidthathewouldnotgoshopping1.Wewonderhowweshalldo.2.Couldyoutellmewheretheyare?3.Webelievethattheyhavefinishedtheirtask,haven’twe?4.IamsorrythatIdidn’tknowyouwanttojointheParty.找出下列句中的宾语从句引导词句子类型that陈述句一般疑问句If/weather特殊疑问词特殊疑问句由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句（一）引导词123e.g.1.Thereisnodoubt(that)_______________________.2.Hesaid(that)______________________.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmoves由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略aroundthesunthat——不能省略的2种情况（2）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时（it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语——that从句则放在句尾）•IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.•Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.（1）当that作介词except,in宾语时•Theybelieveinthatshemuststillbesingle.•IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheislivinginBeijing.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句Iwanttoknow______________________________________.2.Askhim_________________________.3.Iwonder____________________________.4.Couldyoutellme________________________?if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotif/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。whether(if)MrLiliveshere只能用whether不能用if的情况1.在介词后面：•I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.•Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.2.在动词不定式前(whethertodosth.)：•Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.3.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:•Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.•MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.•Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.宾语从句提前时：•Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Iwonder___________heiswell.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.Heasked_____________________________.2.Doyouknow_________________________?3.Heasked_______________________________.4.Doyouknow_________________________?5.Pleasetellme_____________.6.Canyoutellme________________________?7.Couldyoutellme______________________?whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosebikewasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。二、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhatdidhewanttobuy.Idon’tknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：e.g.Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做宾语否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。Idon’tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.我认为你今天无法完成工作。注意：①这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。Idon'tthink(that)heisinterestedinthatthing,ishe?我认为他对那件事不感兴趣，对吗？②如果主句的主语是第二和第三人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常不前移，它的反意疑问句的主谓语应该与主句一致，即如果主句是肯定，反意疑问部分就用否定；如果主句是否定，那么反意疑问部分就用肯定。Shethoughtthatfilmwasnotinteresting,didn'tshe?她认为那