高一英语语法---不定式

不定式导学案-1-高一英语语法：不定式导学案I.不定式在在句子中担当的成分：1．作主语作主语用的动词不定式常常用it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：It'seasytogetlostinabigcitylikeTokyo．在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。It’sveryimportanttobefriendly.友好很重要。2．作宾语agree同意choose决定decide决定expect期待hope希望manage设法prepare准备offer主动提出pretend假装promise答应refuse拒绝wish希望wouldlike想要happen碰巧fail未能等等Theyrefusetoeathotfood．他们拒绝吃辣味食品。Teachingfailstobringherhappiness.教学未能给她带来幸福。有的动词不定式在作带有补足语的宾语时，前面往往带有形式宾语it。例如：Doyouthinkitnecessaryforustolearntowait？你认为学会等待对我们来说很必要吗？Theyimprovedthesoftwaretomakeiteasierforpeopletousecomputers．他们改进了软件，使人们使用计算机更简便了。3．作表语Itseemstobeaninterestingbook．它看起来是本有趣的书。Theoldman'sjobistotakecareoftheflowersinthegarden．这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花。4．作宾语补足语Hetoldmenottobringyouanything．他叫我不要给你带任何东西。Myparentswon’tletmeridebymyself.我爸妈不愿让我独自骑车。5．作定语动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面,一般表示动作未发生。例如：InmydreamsIalwayshaveverydifficultjobstodo．我在梦里总是做一些艰难的工作。Everydayhemadeoneofthesmalleranimalsbringhimsomethingtoeat．他每天叫一个小动物给他带来吃的东西。6．作状语（1）表示目的Youcanhideundermyseatwhentheconductorcomestocheckthetickets．当列车员来查票时，你可以藏在我的座位下面。Inhisthirdyear，heleftHarvardtoworkforacompanycalledMicrosoft．在三年级时，他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学。（2）表示结果动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too,enough或者only连用。例如：It'stooheavytocarry．太重了搬不动。Wewenttoseehim,onlytofindhimout.我们去看他，结果发现他不在家。7．和某些形容词连用和动词不定式经常连用的形容词有sure，ready，happy，sorry，afraid等。例如：He'sveryhappytoseehiswife．他见到妻子非常高兴。I'msorrytotroubleyou．很抱歉打扰你了。8．和疑问词who，what，when，where，which，how构成不定式短语作主语，宾语和表语。例如：Idon'tknowhowtouseacomputer．我不知道怎样使用计算机。Canyoutellmewhentostart？你能告诉我什么时候出发吗？II.填空从时态上看，doing表示动作在进行,没有明显先后;done表示被动完成;todo表示将来。eg.Heattendsthemeetingbeingheldintheroomnow.Heattendedthemeetingheldyesterday.Hewillattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.1.Oneisnevertooold(learn).不定式导学案-2-2.Thismachineisveryeasy________(operate).3.Idecided(dropout)andhasdiscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymakesyoufree4.Iwouldn'tgobackto（be）richforanything–noway.”5.Thesoilcontainsmaterials（keep）thenaturalbalanceofthearea.6.Ifoundsomeone_______(seat)atthebackoftheclassroom.7.Infact,itisyouwhohavethemostimportantrole(play)instoppingYellowRivererosion.8.Thishelps(develop)localeconomies.9.Visitorsfromallovertheworldnowcome（admire）thisgreatachievement.10.Thelibraryneeds______（clean）,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.11.Theteacher________(teach)usEnglishnowisMr.Smith.12.Hehadoftenmadehislittlesister______（cry）,buttodayhewasmade______（cry）byhislittlesister.13.Weexpected______（go）butwedidn’tmanage______（get）thetickets.14.______(pass)theexam,hespenteveryminutestudying.15.Iwon’thaveyoutellmetodo.16.isahugejobtocontrolYellowRivererosion.17.Hewasverytiredsohestopped______(have)arest.18._______(give)moretime,wewouldhavefinishedourpapers.III.改错1.It'sverydangerousofchildrentocrossthebusystreet.2.Itiskindforyoutolendmesomuchmoney.3.Shewasthefirstpersonthinkingoftheidea.4.I'vebeenlookingforwardtohearfromyou.5.Hemadethechoicegiveallhismoneyaway.6.I'mnotveryrich,butItrygivingasmuchmoneyasIcan.7.Whynottotrygoingbyboatforachange?8.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadelearn.Healwaysworkshard.9.Heoftenlistenedtootherstosing.10.ShepretendednotseeingmewhenIpassedby.11.LittleJimshouldlovetakingtothetheatrethisevening.12.Peoplearenotallowedsmokingintheoffice.13.Headvisedusleavingearly.14.Theyattendedtheweddingholdinglastweek.15.Listen！Canyouhearsomeonecallforhelp?16.Gonedowntown,Imetmyafriendofmine.17.Itwascold.Hehadthefireburnallnight.IV.翻译句子1.学生们常常向我询问关于如何记单词的建议。2.正是你在阻止污染方面，扮演着最重要的角色。3.直到他长大才意识到他犯过一个错误。4.学英语意味着辛苦。5越勤奋，你取得的进步就越多。6.你好心捐款给儿童福利院(charityforchildren)。