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2018年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案(单项选择动词和动词短语)一、行为动词行为动词是能独立作谓语的动词,根据后面是否带宾语,可分为及物动词和不及物动词。1.及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整,后面要跟一个名词或代词等作宾语才能使其意思完整。①动词十宾语,如:buysomebooks买一些书;②动词十宾语十宾补,如:findthebookinteresting发现这本书有趣;③动词十间接宾语十直接宾语,如:givemesomemoney给我一些钱。常见带双宾语的词有:give,pass,buy,offer,teach,tell等。2.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。后接宾语时,必须先加介词、副词等,使其变成及物的动词短语。如:Hearrivesearlyeverymorning.他每天到得很早。Theyarelookingattheblackboard.他们在看黑板。3.有的动词既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。如:Shesingsverywell.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)ShesanganEnglishsongjustnow.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)4.常见行为动词辨析①spend,cost.take与payspend指花费时间或者金钱,后接onsth或(in)doingsth;cost的主语为物,意为“值多少钱”;take表示花费多少时间,可用于固定句型It+takes/took+sb.+时间+todosth;pay与介词for连用。如:Hespendstwohoursindoinghishomeworkeveryday.他每天花两小时做作业。Thecarcosthimalotofmoney.这辆车花了他好多钱。Ittookmehalfanhourtocleantheroom.我花了半小时打扫房间。Ipaid40yuanforthebook.这本书我花了40块钱。②borrow,lend与keep三者都可表示“借”,但是borrow指“借入,借进(从他人那里借某东西为自己所用)”,常用短语:borrowsth.fromsb./sp.;lend指“借出去(借给他人)”,常用短语:lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.(通常跟双宾语)。区别时关键看主语,是主语借给别人就是lend,主语向别人借就是borrow;keep是延续性动词,常与表示一段时间的状语连周,表示“借多长时间”。如:Mysisteroftenborrowsbooksfromthelibrary.我妹妹常从图书馆借书。IlentmybiketoJimyesterday.我昨天把自行车借给杰姆了。HowlongcanIkeepthebook?这本书我能借多久?③speak,say,talk与tellspeak意为“讲话”,着重指在会议上的演讲,或指讲某种语言等。say意为“说”,着重说的内容,用作及物动词。talk意为“谈话”,着重双方交谈。talkto/withsbaboutsth表示“和某人谈论某事”。tell意为“告诉”,一般接双宾语。tellastory,“讲故事”;tellalie,“撒谎”。如:HecanspeakChinese.他能说中文。PleasesayitinEnglish.请用英语说。Theyaretalkingaboutit.他们在谈论这事。Hecantellyousomethingabouthisfamily.他会告诉你有关他家的事。④forget与leaveforget意为‘‘忘记(记忆中的东西)”。表示“遗忘”时,不能同表示地点的词语连用;leave意为“落下,遗落”,指把某物遗忘在某个地方,后接表示地点的词语。I'veforgottenhisname.我已忘了他的名字。HelefthisEnglishbookathome.他把英语书忘家里了。例题l---Howlonghaveyou_________theiPad?---Onlytwodays.IwillreturnittoJackthisafternoon.A.boughtB.hadC.borrowedD.kept【解析】Dbought和borrowed都是短暂性动作,had作延续性动词意为“买”,kept作延续性动词意为“借,保留”。根据问句意思“平板电脑你借多久了?”选择延续性动词“kept”,故选C项。例题2Manypeoplecannotaffordonehouseinlifebecauseit______________toomuch.A.spendsB.costsC.paysD.takes【解析】B句意:许多人一辈子买不起房因为房子太贵了。it指“房子”,物作主语,谓语动词要用cost表示花费。故选B项。二、连系动词连系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常见的系动词分类如下:分类例词例句be动词am,is,are,was,wereSheisagirlwithshorthair.她是个留短发的女孩。感官类系动词look,sound,smell,feel,tasteHisplansoundswonderful.他的计划听起来很棒。变化类系动词become,get,grow,go,turnHerfaceturnedred.她的脸变红了。状态类系动词keep,stay,remainTheshopstaysopentill9pm.这家店开到晚上9点。注意:1.系动词十形容词,构成系表结构。2.系动词没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。如:这条裙子摸起来很舒服。(汉译英)Thedressfeelscomfortable(正确)Thedressisfeltcomfortable(错误)例题---Three-Dprintingtechnologycouldbeusedtobuildahouseinlessthan24hours.----It_____________amazing.It'smyfirsttimetogettoknowthenews.A.looksB.smellsCsoundsD.tastes【解析】C考查感官类系动词辨析。look。看起来”;smell“闻起来”;sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”。由后句“这是我第一次了解这个消息”可知“消息”是听起来惊人。故选C项。三、助动词助动词本身没有意义,它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问、否定、时态、语态等。有些单词并不是固定的助动词,如动词be、have、do等在句子中与主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句、疑问句时,才担当起助动词的作用。常见的助动词还有will,shall,would,should等。分类作用beam/is/are+现在分词→现在进行时was/were+现在分词→过去进行时be+过去分词→被动语态do形式有do,does,did,用于构成疑问句和否定句,或用在动词原形前加强语气。havehave/has+过去分词→现在完成时had+过去分词→过去完成时will/shall/would/shouldwill/shall+动词原形→一般将来时would/should+动词原形→过去将来时例题---_______theexchangestudents________visittheGreatWallthedayaftertomorrow?---Yes,theyare,Ithink.A.Will;/B.Shall;/C.Is;goingtoD.Are;goingto【解析】D根据问句中“thedayaftertomorrow”后答句中“theyare”得知选用将来时态的“begoingto”结构,主语是复数。故选D项。四、动词短语以动词为中心构成的短语称为动词短语。动词短语的类别和用法类别用法常见的动词短语动词十介词这类短语动词后跟宾语时,宾语都须置于介词之后。lookfor,lookafter,waitfor,talkabout,shoutat,shoutto,workon,hearfrom,thinkof,dependon,belongto动词十副及物性质的短语动词后跟名词cheerup,cleanup,putup,fixup,workout,词(词组)作宾语时,宾语置于副词前后均可;后跟代词作宾语时,宾语要置于副词之前。giveout,giveaway,thinkover,handin,puton,tryon,putaway,pickup,giveback动词十副词+介词这类短语动词后跟宾语时,宾语应置于介词之后。catchupwith,lookforwardto,keepawayfrom,runoutof,getalongwith,getoutof,comeupwith,goonwith动词十名词十介词它们相当于及物动词,后面要接宾语。makefriendswith,payattentionto,takecareof,takenoticeof,takepartinbe十形容词十介词begoodat,beinterestedin,begoodfor,beworriedabout动词十反身代词(+介词)这类短语相当于及物动词,其后可按宾语devoteoneselftohelponeselfto,dressoneself例题1Lifeisajourneywithtrouble,butwithcareandwisdomyoucananyproblemyouface.AworkoutB.handoutC.findoutD.putout【解析】A本题考查的是含有out的动介短语辨析。workout解决,算出,handout分发,findout找出,putout扑灭,根据句意“生命就像一场有麻烦的旅行,只有用关心和智慧你才能够解决你所面对的任何问题。”本题应该选A。例题2---WhendidthefirstplanetoHongKongleave?---Waitaminute.I'mjust________________.A.turningupB.pickingupC.catchingupD.lookingup【解析】D本题考查含有up的动词短语辨析。turnup“调高(音量)”;pickup“捡起,拾起”;catchup“赶上”;lookup“抬头看,查找”。根据句意“去香港的第一航班什么时候走的?稍等,我查一下。”本题选D项。真题测试测试时间:30分钟满分:80分1.Steven,gotobednow.Youshould_______beforesixtomorrow,oryouwillmisstheplane.A.getoffB.getupC.getonD.getalong2.Thegovernmentsshould__________theuseofnewtypesofenergytomakeagreenerworld.A.pushinB.pushforC.putoutD.putup3.---Theschoolnetworkwillbeshutdownforsafetyreasons.---Thatdoesn't________meatall.I'mnotanet-worm,anyway.A.satisfyB.surpriseC.worryD.include4.TFBOYS'songs___________sweetandmanyofuslikelisteningtothem.A.soundB.feelC.tasteD.look5.ThelibrariantoldmethatIcould_________thesemagazinesforthreedays.A.borrowB.buyC.keepD.return6.HelenencouragedmetospeakEnglishasmuchaspossiblebecausepractice_____perfect.A.bec
本文标题:中考英语-动词和动词短语
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