基于单片机的太阳能路灯控制器设计

安徽工程大学机电学院毕业设计（论文）I基于单片机的太阳能路灯控制器设计摘要本论文主要完成对光伏电源LED照明控制系统进行优化设计和研究，以使系统达到稳定、操作方便、节能环保的要求。太阳能路灯智能控制器以AT89C52单片机为核心，主要由六个部分组成：太阳能电池板、蓄电池、负载（LED路灯）、控制器、测量电路、充电电路、放电/负载驱动电路。本课题的主要研究内容有：针对现有独立运行的太阳能路灯控制器的特点，实现多点控制蓄电池剩余荷电容量（SOC）控制和脉宽调制信号（PWM）来驱动太阳能LED路灯控制器的硬件设计和软件程序设计。首先对太阳能路灯基本模块组成、基本功能及发展现状进行了阐述，并根据蓄电池剩余荷电容量（SOC）的数学模型和剩余荷电容量（SOC）与蓄电池的使用寿命的关系提出了单片机系统改进的控制方案，并根据实际需要提出用脉宽调制信号（PWM）来驱动和调节白光LED，可使白光LED工作于发射最纯净白光。半导体PN结技术的太阳能光伏发电技术与发光二极管(LED)照明技术，都有着环保、节能、长寿命和安全的特点。对这两项技术的高效结合进行优化研究，符合我国目前节能，环保及可持续性发展的目标。总之，随着城市规模的不断扩大，现有的路灯技术不能达到环保节能的要求，本文采用多点控制蓄电池剩余荷电容量（SOC）控制和脉宽调制信号（PWM）来驱动太阳能LED路灯控制器的硬件设计和源程序设计，能有效解决LED太阳能路灯的不足。因此，本课题设计对我国LED路灯节能环保的发展有很大的现实意义。关键词：光伏发电；剩余荷电容量；脉宽调制信号；控制系统汪婷婷：基于单片机的太阳能路灯控制器设计IIIITheDesignofsolarstreetlampscontrollerwhichbasedonsinglechipmicrocomputerAbstractThisthesismainlycompletedonphotovoltaicpowerLEDlightingcontrolsystemoptimizationdesignandresearchinordertomakethesystemachievestability,convenientoperation,energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionrequirement.TheintelligentcontrollerofsolarstreetlampwithAT89C52single-chipcomputerasthecoreismainlycomposedofsixparts:solarpanel,batteryandload(LEDlamp),controller,measurementcircuitandchargingcircuit,drivecircuitdischarge/load.Thistopic'smainlyresearchofthecontentincludes:accordingtotheexistingindependentmovementofthesolarenergystreetlightcontroller'scharacteristic.Itrealizedthemulti-spotcontrolaccumulatorcellsurpluselectricallywhichcontrolthechargedcapacity(SOC)andactuatesthesolarenergyLEDstreetlightcontrollerwhichbythepulse-durationmodulationsignal(PWM)’shardwaredesignandthefirmwareprogramdesign.First,thisarticalindetailfindthebasicmodulesforsolarstreetlight,thebasicfunctionanddevelopment.Toimprovecontrolprograms,itbasedontheremainingbatterycapacityofcharge(SOC)ofthemathematicalmodelandtheremainingcapacityofcharge(SOC)andbatterylifeoftherelationshipbetweentheproposedSCMsystemandproposedtotheactualneedsofPWMsignal(PWM)todriveandadjustthewhiteLED.ThenthewhiteLEDcanworkonthelaunchofthepurestwhite.What’smore,PNjunctionsemiconductortechnology,solarphotovoltaictechnologyandlight-emittingdiode(LED)lightingtechnology,allhaveenvironmentalprotection,energysaving,longlifeandsafetyfeatures.Combiningthesetwotechniquestooptimizetheresearch,inlinewithourcurrentenergy,environmentalprotectionandsustainabledevelopmentarethedevelopmentgoals.Inonewords,alongwiththeexpansionofurbanscale'sunceasing,theexistingstreetlighttechnologycannotachievetheenvironmentalprotectionenergyconservationtherequest.Thisarticleusesthemulti-spotcontrolaccumulatorcellsurpluselectricallychargedcapacity(SOC)tocontrolandthepulse-durationmodulationsignal(PWM)actuatesthesolarenergyLEDstreetlightcontroller'shardwaredesignandthefirmwareprogramdesign.ItmaycantheeffectivelysurviveLEDsolarenergystreetlight'sinsufficiency.Therefore,thistopicdesignhastheverybigpracticalsignificancetoourcountrywhichbasedonLEDstreetlightenergyconservationenvironmentalprotection'sdevelopment.Keywords：solarphotovoltaictechnology;SOC;PWM;controlsystem安徽工程大学机电学院毕业设计（论文）III目录引言........................................................................................................................................1第1章概述............................................................................................................................21.1研究背景、目的与意义.....................................................................................................21.2设计要求.............................................................................................................................21.2.1太阳能路灯系统组成、工作原理与发展现状...........................................................31.2.2设计思路.......................................................................................................................31.3课题意义..............................................................................................................................4第2章系统设计简介............................................................................................................52.1单片机简介及选择...........................................................................................................52.1.1AT89C52单片机...........................................................................................................62.2路灯系统简介......................................................................................................................72.3太阳能LED路灯控制器功能模块概述............................................................................92.4电源、晶振、复位硬件电路.............................................................................................92.4.1电源模块设计...............................................................................................................92.4.2晶振电路....................................................................................................................102.4.3复位电路..................................................................................................................11第3章I/O控制部分硬件设计.........................................