高中英语句子成分及分析

句子的构成句子成分•主语•谓语•宾语•表语•宾补•定语•状语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.㈡谓语•简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.㈢表语•在系动词后的部分就是表语•常见的系动词有:•be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,•feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,•get,grow,come,goetc.•系动词不用于被动语态.•Theappletastessweet.1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Timeisprecious.4.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.5.Whowasthefirst?6.Heisoutofcondition.7.ThebookiswhatIneed.㈣宾语•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●.pleasepassmethebook.●.Heboughtmesomeflowers.●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.㈤宾语补足语•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•Doyousmellsomethingburning?•Hemadehimselfknowntothem.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.•Pleasemakeyourselfathome.•Pleasekeepthedogout.•Wemustkeepitasecret.主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam→ThestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexamWemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.㈥定语•Heisacleverboy.•Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•Doyouknownbetty’ssister?•Heboughtsomesleepingpills.•Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.•Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.㈦状语•用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,让步等.•Iwillbebackinawhile.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.•Iwaitedtoseeyou.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.•Healwayscomeslatetoschool.基本句型•主语+系动词+表语（主系表）•主语+不及物动词+（其他成分）•主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）•主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语•主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补•Hewent.•Hewentthere.•Hewentthereyesterday.•Hewenttheretoseehismotheryesterday.•Hewenttheretoseehismotherillinhospitalbybikeyesterday.Exercises:分析句子结构•Youareastudent.•Hefelthappytoday.•Whatyousaidmademehappy.•CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?•Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.•Helikespopmusic.•Istayedawakeuntil11:30oneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.•Annenamedherdiarykittybecauseshethoughtitwasherbestfriend.