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1现在分词的用法1.分词的定义现在分词是由动词+ing构成的。现在分词具有动词、形容词或副词的特性,可以带自己的宾语或受状语修饰,现在分词和自己的宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。2.现在分词的语法作用;现在分词在句中可以作主语、表语、定语、补足语和状语。一.作主语1.通常被看作是单数不可数名词,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Drivingfastisverydangerous.Swimmingismyfavouritesport.Paintingisanart.Hearingthebadnewsmadehimcry.2.现在分词作主语时,常常用it作形式主语,而把现在分词放到句末。Itisnogood/usetalkingwithhimIt'snogoodsmoking.Youshouldgiveitup.Itisnogoodcryingoversplitmilk.It作形式主语,现在分词作真正主语时的常用句型:It+be+awasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间It+be+fundoingsth.做某事很有趣It+be+nogood/nouse/uselessdoingsth.做某事没有用It+be+expensivedoingsth.做某事很昂贵It+be+dangerousdoingsth.做某事很危险It+be+apleasuredoingsth.做某事是一件愉快的事eg.It'snousecomplaining.It'snogoodsmokingalot.It'sawasteoftimedoingsuchathing.3.There+be+nosenseindoingsth.做某事没有道理There+be+nopoint(in)doingsth.做某事毫无意There+be+nouseindoingsth.做某事没有用Nothingworsethandoingsth.没有比...更糟糕的eg.Thereisnopoint(in)doingso.这么做,毫无意义。4.前后平行Teachingislearning.Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.二、作表语:1.动名词作表语相当于名词,说明主语的内容。主语和表语位置可互换。MyjobisteachingEnglish.=TeachingEnglishismyjob.Yourtaskisstudyinghard.=Studyinghardisyourtask.2.现在分词作表语,一般表主动或主语的性质和特征,主语多数情况下是物,一般跟在联系动词be,get,become,look,sound,feel,keep,remain,grow,seem,appear等词后,eg.Hisspeechisexciting.他的演讲令人兴奋。Thisstoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很有趣。2Thenewssoundsencouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。而作表语用的现在分词,已经完全变成了形容词,常见的现在分词如下:moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing,missing,promising等,这些词可以放在系动词后做表语。三、作宾语1.作动词宾语①英语中,有相当一部分动词后,只能接-ing分词作宾语:admit承认、advise、suggest建议、escape逃避、quit停止做、deny否认、miss错过、avoid避免做、keep保持、appreciate感谢、practise练习、enjoy、mind介意、consider考虑做、risk冒险做、excuse原谅、imagine、finish等。Ienjoyreadingnewspapers.Ienjoychattingwiththem.IsuggestyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglisheverymorning.注意:有一类动词后即可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟-ing分词作宾语。可以把这类动词分为三种类型:1)两种形式意义基本相同。2)两种形式略有差别。3)意义完全不同。A)两种形式意义基本相同的动词有:attempt,begin,cease(停止),continue,intend,start.如:Shestartedtocry/crying.Hecontinuedtowork/working.Whatdoyouintendtodo/doingnext?你打算接下来做什么?B)两种形式意义略有差别的动词主要有:hate,like,dislike,love,prefer等。如:Ilikeplayingbasketball.Ihatetotroubleyou.Iprefertogoforawalk.Iprefersingingsongs.C)后跟不定式和-ing分词时,意义完全不同的动词有:remember,forget,regret.,try,mean,chance(碰巧),cannothelp...等。它们后面跟不定式表示动作还未发生,而跟现在分词表示动作已经发生。rememberdoingsth记得做了某事remembertodosth.记得要去做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做了某事forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事meandoingsth意味着/意思是meantodo打算/意欲做某事regretdoingsth后悔做了某事regrettodosth.遗憾的要去做某事chancedoing冒险做某事/碰运气试着做某事chancetodo碰巧做某事stopdoingsth停止做某事stoptodosth停下来做另一件事goondoingsth继续做同一件事goontodosth继续做另一件事trydoingsth试着做某事trytodosth努力/试图做某事cannothelpdoingsth禁不住做某事cannothelptodosth不能帮忙做某事Iregrettodothisthing.Iregretdoingsuchathing.Imeantobuyahouse.Fightingmeanskilling.3Hechancedtomeethisoldfriendinthestreet.Hechancedtakingpartinthatrace.Icannothelptodohomeworkforyou.Icannothelplaughing.②下列动词可接v-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义(相当于不定式的被动形式)need/want/require/deservedoing=need/want/require/deservetobedoneYourshirtneedswashing.Yoursuggestiondeservesconsidering.③v-ing形式作宾语时,有使用it作形式宾语。Ifounditnousetalkingwithhim.Wethinkitgoodforbiddingsmokinginpublicplaces.2.作介词宾语能用-ing分词作介词宾语的短语:listento,beinterestedin,payattentionto,lookforwardto,turnto,beafraidof,dreamof,insiston,stickto,objectto,begoodat,leadto,feellike,devoteto,getusedto,giveup,be/getaccustomedto等。I’vebeenlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.3.作形容词宾语bebusy+(in)doingsthbeworthdoingsthIambusyindoingmyhomework.Thebookisworthreading.4.注意:有一类-ing分词和go搭配,表示“去(干。。。)”,这些分词大多与休闲娱乐的户外活动有关。goboating去划船gocamping去野营goclimbing去爬山godriving驾车去兜风godancing去跳舞gohiking徒步旅行gohunting去打猎gofishing垂钓gorunninggojogging慢跑goridding骑马gosailing航行goshopping购物gosightseeing观光goskating滑冰goswimminggowalking散步gowindowshopping逛街如:Wewentboatingyesterday.四、作定语:现在分词做定语,表示中心词是该动词的动作发出者,此时的现在分词充当形容词的作用,用来修饰中心词。1.单个分词作定语时放在中心词前面。①说明所修饰名词的用途及有关动作swimmingpool游泳池waitingroom候车室walkingstick拐杖dinningroom餐厅washingmachine洗衣机drinkingwater饮用水readingroom阅览室②表示所修饰的名词进行的动作或状态,它和所修是名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句.asleepingchild=achildwhoissleepingeg.Weseetherisingsuneverymorning.每天早晨我们都可以看到东升的旭日。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.中国是个发展中国家。2.分词短语作定语时放在中心词后面,可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句.4Thegirlsittingnexttohimishissister.Didyouseethegirldancingwithyourbrother?五、作宾语补足语或主语补足语。现在分词在主动语态句子中作宾语补足语(在被动语态句子中就是主补)。A、在感官动词feel,hear,notice,observe,find,see,smell,watch等之后作宾补或主补。如:Iheardmysistersingingthatsong.(宾补)Mysisterwasheardsingingthatsongoutside.(主补)IfoundJohnreadingthatbook.(宾补)Johnwasfoundreadingthatbook.(主补)B、在使役动词get,have,bring(致使),keep(使),leave(使),set(使开始)等之后作宾补或主补。表示“使某人/某物处于某种状态;使某人/某物一直做某事”Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.Iwon”thaveyoushoutingatmetheway.我不容许你这样对我喊叫。Thechildrenkeptthefireburningallthetime.孩子使火一直燃烧着。C、在其他动词catch,detect,discover,want等之后作宾补或主补。如:Themanagercaughtmesmokingintheofficeagain.经理又抓住我在办公室抽烟了。Wedon”twantyoubecomingtooconfident.我不希望你变得太自信。六、作状语:现在分词作状语成分,可以置于句子主体之前或之后。A:一般来说,表示原因、时间、条件、让步等意义的状语成分多置于句子主体之前,用逗号和主体部分隔开,通常可以转化成相应的状语从句。1、表示时间,可以转化成时间状语从句:Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.在街上走路时,我看见了他=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Isawhim.Hearingthisgoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.=Whenheheardthisgoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.2、表条件,可以转化成
本文标题:现在分词的用法
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