数字阵列雷达及其关键技术进展

:1001-2486(2010)06-0001-07X陈曾平,张月,鲍庆龙(ATR,410073):ADC,;,;ADC,:;;;;:TN957:AAdvanceinDigitalArrayRadarandItsKeyTechnologiesCHENZeng-ping,ZHANGYue,BAOQing-long(ATRKeyLaboratory,Univ.ofDefenseTechnology,Changsha410073,China)Abstract:WiththedevelopmentofhighspeedADCandgeneralprocessorwithhighperformance,thedigitalizationdegreeofradarhasreachedalevelmuchhigherthanbefore.Firstly,thispaperanalyzedtheadvantagesofDigitalArrayRadar(DAR).Secondly,itintroducedseveraltypicalDARsystemsandsummarizedthetypicalarchitectureofDAR.FinallyitintroducedthedevelopmentofRFdirectsamplingal-ldigitalreceiver,al-ldigitalquadraturedemodulation,widebandchannelequalization,andthewidebandsignaldigitalbeamformingtechnology.Withthedevelopmentofrelevanttechnology,thearrayradarwillsurelydeveloptobedigital,softwaredefinedandmultifunctional.Keywords:digitalarrayradar(DAR);digitalreceiver;APDconverter(ADC);quadraturedemodulation;channelequalization2080,(DigitalBeamForming,DBF)[1-2],[3],DBF,DBFDAR,1[4]:(a),;(b),,;(c),(),,;(d)(Mult-iInput,Mult-iOutput,MIMO),1DARFig.1WorkmodesX:2010-09-10:(51307060401):(1967)),,,326JOURNALOFNATIONALUNIVERSITYOFDEFENSETECHNOLOGYVol.32No.62010,,1,DAR[3-9]:(1),,,DAR,,(2),(3),,,,(4),(5),,(6),(ElectronicIntelligence,ELINT)(7),,,(SignaltoInterferenceplusNoiseRatio,SINR),(8),;DAR,(DirectDigitalFrequencySynthesizer,DDS),(9)(NoncooperativeTargetDetection,NCTR)NCTR,ISAR,;DAR,2DAR,,DAR,,DAR,DARThales,SMART[10]2000SMART-LL[11],24,2,DBF24FFT,,212b,160~70b,8b,SMART-LDBF,2201062SMART-LFig.2SMART-LDBFmode(OfficeofNavalResearch,ONR)2080DAR,2000LDAR[12],DBF,3,DBF,DBF,TPR,DAR,,3DARFig.3DARconfigurationS(S4R)DAR[13],DBF,42008DBF,DBF,DBF,4S4RFig.4PrototypeofS4R5AMRFCFig.5PrototypeofAMRFC(AMRFC)RF[14],RF,3,:RF5,;9,,,,RF,200098,,10km2005,512DAR,,DAM(DigitalArrayModule),DAR,DAR66DARFig.6TypicalarchitectureofDAR,DAR,3,3111994,(DARPAPETO)ANPAPS-145E2-C,RockwellInternational2GspsP8bitsADC[15](demux),MayoADCdemuxMCM[16-17],MIT,[18],5Gsps(406~450)MHz(UHF),,ADC,,,,2005,ADC,,1GspsADC,4201068bits10bits12bits8bitsADC,FujitsuCMOSADC[19],,56Gsps,15GHz;8bitsADCE2V,5GspsP10bits316GspsP12bits[20-21]ADC[22-23]ADC[24-25],,,TEKMicrosystems[26-27]10bits,8Gsps4Gsps2Gsps,3GHz;TEKMicrosystems10bits12bitsADC,,,,DAR,,,,TPR312,,,,IQ[28-29]Hilbert[30-31][32],,,IQ,,,,,,,,,[33-34],ADC,,IQ,,ADC,ADC,,,313,APD,APD,DBF,:¹;º;»,:¹LFM[35-39],,,ºFIR,,[35-36]Fourier[37-39]»DSP,,FPGA5,:DAR[12],815kHz,2016bitsFIR,FPGA;RST(RadarSurveillanceTechnology)DAR[35],1MHz,31FIR,;S[40],5MHz,15FIR,,,,,2003~2004,10Msps5MHz10Msps215MHz,Fourier,,Fourier,FPGA200MHz[41],,1GHz,,,430,,DAR,DAR,DARDAR,,:[1]VanVeenBD,BuckleyKM.Beamforming:AVersatileApproachtoSpatialFiltering[J].IEEEASSPMagazine,1988,5(2):4-23.[2]VanTreesHL.OptimumArrayProcessingPartIVofDetection,Estimation,andModulationTheory[M].NewYork:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc,2002.[3]WeiBM.DigitalAntennas[J].MultistaticSurveillanceandReconnaissance:Sensor,SignalsandDataFusion,2009,(5):1-29.[4]RabideauDJ,ParkerP.UbiquitousMIMOMultifunctionDigitalArrayRadar[C]PPCalifornia:ConferenceonSignals,SystemsandComputers,2003:1057-1064.[5]SkolnikM.SystemsAspectsofDigitalBeamFormingUbiquitousRadar[R].NRLReport:NRLPMRP5007-02-8625,2002.[6]SkolnikM.OpportunitiesinRadar-2002[J].ElectronicsandCommunicationsEngineeringJournal,2002,14(6):263-272.[7].[J].,2006,1(1):11-16.[8].[J].,2008,6(6):401-405.[9].[J].,2004,2(3):136-141.[10]Thales[EBPOL].http:PP[11]DeddenG.SMART-LMultibeamRadar[C]PPAmsterdam:EuropeanRadarConference2004,2004:17-20.[12]CantrellB,etal.DevelopmentofaDigitalArrayRadar(DAR)[J].IEEEAerospaceandElectronicSystemsMagazine,2002,17(3):22-27.[13]LockheedMartin[EBPOL].http:PP[14]TavikGC,HilterbrickCL,EvinsJB.TheAdvancedMultifunctionRFConcept[J].TransactionsonMicrowaveTheoryandTechniques,2005,53(3):1009-1020.[15]NaryKR,NublingR,BeccueS,etal.An8-bit,2GigasamplePerSecondAnalogtoDigitalConverter[C]PPGaAsICSymposiumTechnicalDigest1995,17thAnnual.USA:IEEEPress,1995:303-306.[16]ThompsonRL,DegerstromMJ,WaltersWL,etal.An8-bit2-gigasamplePsecondADCConverterMultichipModuleforDigitalReceiverDemonstrationonNavyANPAPS-145E2-CAirborneEarlyWarningAircraftRadar[J].IEEETransactionsonComponents,Packaging,and620106ManufacturingTechnology-PARTB,1998,21(4):447-462.[17]ThompsonRL,AmundsenEH,SchaeferTM,etal.DesignandTestMethodologyforanAnalog-to-digitalConverterMultichipModuleforExperimentalAl-ldigitalRadarReceiverOperatingat2GigasamplesPs[J].IEEETransactionsOnAdvancedPackaging,1999,22(4):649-664.[18]SongW.ANew3-GSPS65-GOPSUHFDigitalRadarReceiverandItsPerformanceCharacteristics[C]PPCalifornia:ConferenceonSignals,SystemsandComputers,1997:1542-1546.[19]Fujitsu.56GSaPs8-bitAnalogue-to-DigitalConverter[EBPOL].http:PPemea.fujitsu.comPmicroelectronics.[20]NationalSemiconductor[EBPOL].http:PP[21]E2VCorporation[EBPOL].http:PP[22]MukhanovOA,GuptaD,KadinAM,etal.SuperconductorAnalog-to-DigitalConverters[J].ProceedingsoftheIEEE,2004,92(10):1564-1584.[23]MukhanovOA,KirichenkoD,VernikIV,etal.SuperconductorDigita-lRFReceiverSystems