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HeadlinesePartI:GrammaticalFeaturesPartII:WordingFeaturesPartIII:RhetoricalFeatures1.Omission2.Tense3.Voice4.Punctuation1.OmissionOmissionoffunctionwords,suchasarticles,possessivepronouns,‘be’verbs,auxiliaryverbs,etc.省略冠词、物主代词、系动词、助动词,等等37KilledinItalianPlaneCrash=37KilledinanItalianPlaneCrashLaurel,AquinoCutTiesLaurelandAquinoCutTies(劳雷尔和阿基诺夫人分道扬镳)Gunfire,ExplosionsRockMumbaiHotel=GunfireandExplosionsRock(a)MumbaiHotelMother,DaughterShareFulbrightYear=(A)Mother(and)HerDaughterShare(a)FulbrightYear母女同享富布莱特访学年ThreeDeadAfterInhalingOvenGas.=ThreeAreDeadAfterInhalingOvenGas.PoliticalEffortsVitaltoReform-PartyLeader=PoliticalEffortsAreVitaltoReform-PartyLeaderFinancierKilledByBurglars=(A)FinancierIsKilledByBurglarsMoscow’sFoodPricesSoaring=Moscow’sFoodPricesAreSoaring保留冠词、连词和系动词等虚词:顾全某些习语或词组的完整性e.g:1)CombatontheWeb网络之战2)TBontheRiseAgaininLondon伦敦地区结核病卷土重来新闻标题中一般不用过去时态,而采用现在时态,使读者阅报时一如置身于这条新闻事件中,这叫做“新闻现在时”(JournalisticPresentTense),与文学写作中的“历史现在时”(HistoricalPresentTense)实际上完全一样。英语新闻标题中常用的动词时态主要有三种:一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时。现分述如下:新闻用了过去时态,容易给人一种陈旧感,被认为新闻不“新”。e.g:HeavyRainLashedCityvsHeavyRainLashesCity一般现在时从形式上来增强报道的新鲜感(Freshness)现实感(Reality)直接感(Immediacy)此外,标题采用动词的一般现在时还可省去动词过去式构成中常见的“ed”两个字母,节省标题字数。RussianLeaderMeetsFidelCastroInCuba(RussianLeaderMeets(Met)FidelCastroInGunfire,ExplosionsRockMumbaiHotel(GunfireandExplosionsRockedaMumbaiHotel)注意:当标题中出现时间状语时,动词用过去时。例如:UnemploymentinU.K.IncreasedinOctober十月份英国失业率上升对于正在发生的事态或动作,英语新闻标题采用“Be+现在分词”这一形式,但其中“Be”又通常省略。因此,剩下的ing分词便在新闻标题中直接表示正在进行的动作或正在发展的事态。例如:BBCConsideringStartingGlobalTelevisionService(BBCisConsideringStarting(the)GlobalTelevisionService)Deposits,LoansRisingInShanghai.(DepositsAndLoansAreRisingInShanghai)标题中动词的将来时:1)will+动词原形NextCenturywillChallengeLawofLand2)更多采用“be+动词不定式”,其中be通常省略,以节省标题字数。即动词不定式在英语新闻标题中可直接表示未来动作。例如:RomaniatoBuyIranOilat$35aBarrel=RomaniaistoBuyIranOilat$35aBarrelLargestChineseTradeDelegationtoVisitUSinNov.=LargestChineseTradeDelegationistoVisitUSinNov.1.GlobalPoll:FashionModels“TooThin”2.WhatDecliningRegistrationRateforPost-GradExamMean?3.Bush’sApprovalRatingPlungestoNewLow4.GreatWallatTopof“World’sNewSevenWonders”5.BothEndsofFilmstoBeShortened6.LotsofFruitinChildhoodCutsAdultCancerRisk7.US,RussiaWarnedofRepeatofColdWar1.AGlobalPollShowsFashionModelsare“TooThin”(全球调查:时装模特“太瘦”)2.WhatDoestheDecliningRegistrationRateforthePost-GradExamMean?(考研热为何降温?)3.Bush’sApprovalRatingPlungestoaNewLow(布什支持率跌至历史新低)4.TheGreatWallisattheTopofthe“World’sNewSevenWonders”(长城跻身“世界新七大奇迹”之首)5.BothEndsofFilmsaretoBeShortened(片头片尾将“减肥”)6.LotsofFruitinone’sChildhoodCutsanAdultCancerRisk(孩提时水果摄入多成年后癌症风险低)7.TheUSandRussiaareWarnedofaRepeatoftheColdWar(俄美受到警告,谨防冷战重现)英语新闻标题中的动词表示被动语态时,被动语态结构“be+过去分词”形式中的助动词“be”,通常被省略,也经常不用“by”来引出动作的执行者,剩下的过去分词在标题里就可直接表示被动意义,读者切忌将之误解为该动词的过去式。如:EuropeTestedbyFinancialCrisis(EuropeisTestedbyFinancialCrisis)33KilledinNortheastIndiaFighting(33areKilledinNortheastIndiaFighting)英语新闻标题一贯注重结构精练,并不使用所有的标点符号。即便使用某个标点符号,其主要目的不外乎两种:1.区分表示各句子成分意群之间的关系;2.进一步节省标题字数。(1)、逗号(comma)常被用来代替连词“and”例如:GuangzhouFairCloses,TradeBooms(TheGuangzhouFairClosesAndTheTradeBooms)广交会闭幕交易兴旺(2)、冒号(colon)除了用在引语之前表示“说”外,还经常被用来代替联系动词“Be”。例如:HealthSurvey:NewYorkerFitter,Slimmer(HealthSurveysays(that)NewYorkerisFitterandSlimmer健康调查称纽约人更加健康和苗条)Shanghai:ResplendentPearlOfNewChina.(ShanghaiIsAResplendentPearlOfNewChina)上海:新中国的璀璨明珠(3)、破折号(dash)表示强调;或常被放置在不用引号的引言前后,以引出说话者。例如:YeltsininHospital-Again叶利钦再次住院EconomyGrowsSlowlyAsUnemployment,InflationRise-Economists(EconomistsSayThatTheEconomyGrowsSlowlyAsTheUnemploymentAndInflationRise)经济学家认为:失业率及通货膨胀加剧使得经济增长缓慢(4)、用分号(semicolon)表示两层意思(书)TheGay-MarriageFlap;TheGovernmentisoutofStep(alsoRhyme)(5)、用单引号代替双引号(single/doublequotationmarks)e.g.:Iran’snuclearthreat‘hyped’,saysUNwatchdog不但可节省、美化版面,还可增强新闻的简洁性和可读性这些小词均为带有新闻体特色的词汇,并且词义范畴很宽,新闻英语称这类词为“万能同义词”。aid=assistalter=changeormodifyask=inquireban=prohibitorforbidblast=explodebegin=commenceboost=increasecheck=examineclaim=causethedeathof...clash=disagreestronglycurb=controlorrestrictdip=declineordecreaseease=lessenend=terminateflay=criticizeflout=insultfoil=preventfromgrill=investigategut=destroyhead=directhold=arrestmap=workout(制订)mark=celebrate(庆祝)name=appointornominateopt=chooseperil=endangerpledge=determine(发誓)plot=conspire(预谋,密谋策划)poise=readyforaction(作好准备)probe=investigateraid=attack(进攻)rap=criticizerebuke=criticizeslay=murder(谋杀)soar=skyrocket(急剧上升)swap=exchange(交流,交换)sway=influence(影响)trim=reduce(削减)vow=determine(决心,发誓)weigh=consider(考虑)ace=champion(得胜者)accord=agreement(协议)aid=assistance(帮助)aim=purpose(目的)blast=explosion(爆炸)body=committee,commission(委员会)clash=controversy(冲突)crash=collision(碰撞,坠毁)deal=agreement,transaction(协议,交易)envoy=ambassador(大使)fake=counterfeit(赝品,骗局)fete=celebration(庆祝(活动))feud=strongdispute(严重分歧)flop=failure(失败)freeze=stabilization((物价、工资等)冻结)glut=oversupply(供过于求)nod=approval(许可,批准)pact=agreement,treaty(条约,协议)poll=election,publicopinionpoll(投票选举,民意测验
本文标题:英语新闻的标题语言
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