无形资产(英文)-PPT课件

2Lecture3Intangibleassets3COMMONWEALTHOFAUSTRALIACOPYRIGHTREGULATIONS1969WARNINGThismaterialhasbeencopiedandcommunicatedtoyoubyoronbehalfofCurtinUniversityofTechnologypursuanttoPartVAoftheCopyrightAct1968(theAct)ThematerialinthiscommunicationmaybesubjecttocopyrightundertheAct.AnyfurthercopyingorcommunicationofthismaterialbyyoumaybethesubjectofcopyrightprotectionundertheAct.Donotremovethisnotice4Objectives•Understandthekeycharacteristicsofintangibleassets.•Examinetheinitialrecognitionandmeasurementcriteriaofintangibleassets.•Accountingforintangiblessubsequenttoinitialrecognition.•Amortisationofintangibles.5DefinitionofintangibleassetWhatareintangibleassets?Anintangibleassetisanidentifiablenon-monetaryassetwithoutphysicalsubstance.(AASB38,Para8)Examplesinclude:•Patents–governmentgranttoproduce/sellinvention,20years.•Copyrights–righttoreproduce&sell(extends70yearsafterauthor’sdeath).•Trademarks–distinctiveproductsorservices.•Franchises–licencetosellunderspecificconditions.•Research&Development–expenseresearch;recognisedevelopmentinlimitedcases.6ApplicationofIAS38AASB38(orIAS138)appliestointangibleassetsexcept:a)Intangibleassetsthatareinthescopeofanotheraccountingstandard;b)Financialassets;c)Explorationandevaluationassets;andd)Expenditureonthedevelopmentandextractionofresources.7ThenatureofintangibleassetsWhatismeantby“identifiability”?Paras11-12Anassetmeetstheidentifiabilitycriterionwhenit:(a)Isseparablei.e.iscapableofbeingdividedfromtheentityandsold,transferred,licensed,rentedorexchanged,eitherindividuallyortogetherwitharelatedcontract,identifiableassetorliability;or(b)Arisesfromcontractualorotherlegalrights,regardlessofwhetherthoserightsaretransferrableorseparablefromtheentityorfromotherrightsandobligations.8Thenatureofintangibleassets•Identifiabilitydistinguishesintangibleassetsfromgoodwill.•Thecriterionofseparabilitytestswhetheranentitycandivideanassetfromotherassetsanddealwithitasanindividualasset.•Inmostcases,separableassetsarecapableofbeingexchangedbyanentitybecausetheentityhasacontractualorlegalrighttomaketheexchange.•However,somecontractuallegalrightsarenotreadilyseparablefromtheentity.e.g.somelicencesarenotseparablefromanentity.9ThenatureofintangibleassetsWhyconsiderintangibleassetsinaseparatestandard?Intangibleassets:•Lackphysicalsubstance.Assetcanbeusedatthesametimeformultiplepurposese.g.customerlist;•Manyintangiblesarenotsubjecttothediminishingreturnscharacteristicofphysicalassets;e.g.softwareprogramforstudentenrolments.•Intangiblesmayhavenetworkeffects;thevalueincreasesasuseincreasese.g.telephonenetwork.10Thenatureofintangibleassets•Intangiblesmaybemoredifficulttomanageandoperatethantangibleassets;•Propertyrightsarehardertodetermine;•Therelationshipbetweentheinvestmentandultimatebenefitsishardtotrack.•Thereisahighdegreeofuncertaintyregardingthefuturebenefitsofintangibleassets;•Aredifficulttotrade.Theremaybenoactivemarketforthem.e.g.brandnames.•Thesecharacteristicsmaycausedifficultieswithmeasurement,recognitionandclassification.11ImportanceofintangiblesWhyhaveintangibleassetsbecomeimportant?Lev(2019)suggested:•Intensifiedcompetitioninducedbyglobalisation,deregulation&technologicalchange.•Corporateinnovationandincreasinguseofinformationtechnology.•Theseeconomicforcesgiverisetoinnovation-relatedintangibles,humanresourceintangiblesandorganisationalintangibles.•Lev(2019)reportedmeanmarkettobookratiosincreasedovertheperiod1977to2019reaching6:1inMarch2019.Forevery$6ofmarketvalue,$1appearsonbalancesheet;theremaining$5representintangibleassets.12Importanceofintangibles13RecognitionofintangibleassetsWhenshouldintangibleassetsberecognised?(Para18-21)Therecognitionofanintangibleassetrequiresanentitytodemonstratethattheitemmeets:•Definitionofanintangibleasset(Para8-17);and•Recognitioncriteria(Para21-23).14RecognitionofintangibleassetsAnintangibleassetshallberecognisedif,andonlyif:•(a)itisprobablethattheexpectedfutureeconomicbenefitsattributedtotheassetwillflowtotheentity;and•(b)thecostoftheassetcanbemeasuredreliably.•thecostoftheassetcannotbereliablymeasured,anintangibleassetcannotberecognisedbecauseAASB38requiresinitialmeasurementatcost.(Para24)15MeasurementofintangiblesInitialMeasurement:•Howshouldintangibleassetsbemeasuredatinitialrecognition?(Para24)•Anintangibleassetshallbemeasuredinitiallyatitscost.(i)Separateacquisition:Para25,26,27•Theprobabilityrecognitioncriterionisalwaysconsideredtobesatisfiedforseparatelyacquiredintangibleassets(Para25).•Thepricepaidfortheassetautomaticallytakesintoaccounttheprobabilityofexpectedbenefitstobereceived.16MeasurementofintangiblesThecostofaseparatelyacquiredintangibleassetcomprises:•Itspurchaseprice;and•AnydirectlyattributablecostofpreparingtheassetforitsintendeduseExamplesofdirectlyattributablecostsinclude:CostsofemployeebenefitsProfessionalfeesCostsoftestingExamplesofexpenditurethatarenotpartofcostofintangibleassetinclude:•Costsofintroducinganewproductorservice•Costsofconductingbusinessinanewlocation•Administrationandoverheadcosts17Businesscombinations(ii)Acquisit