京剧相关英语介绍Beijing-Opera

京剧相关英语介绍BeijingOperaFourFamousDanActors四大名旦；StagePropsinPekingOpera京剧道具TypesofFacialMake-upinBeijingOpera京剧脸谱RolesinBeijingOpera京剧的角色；XipiandErhuang西皮和二簧WenchangandWuchang文场和武场；PiaoYouandXiaHai票友和下海LongtaoandFigurant龙套”和“跑龙套”；Qiba“起霸”；Liangxiang“亮相”In1927,anopenselectionofthetopDanactors,sponsoredbytheShuntianTimesnewspaper,waslaunched.Asaresult,MeiLanfang(1894-1961),ShangXiaoyun(1900-1976),ChengYanqiuandXunHuisheng(1900-1968)werethemostoutstandingintheselection,andwerenamedthefourmostfamousDanactorsofPekingOperaatthistime,eachhavinghisownuniquecharacteristicsinregardtoaction,expressionandmusic.Inaddition,eachhadhisownspecialrepertoire,andthesehavebeenhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Eventually,theyformedthefourmainschoolsofPekingOpera.Later,groupsofexcellentyoungactorswereactiveontheoperastages,amongwhomthemostfamouswere:LiShifang,ZhangJunqiu,MaoShilaiandSongDezhu,selectedbytheLiyanNewspaper.Eachofthefourhadhisownspecialrepertoire,andtheirwonderfulperformanceswerewellreceivedbythemass.Eventually,theywererecognizedasthefoursub-leadingDanactorsofPekingOpera.Chinaenteredthemoderneraamidstturbulenceandchangeinthe20thcentury.TheRevolutionof1911putanendtothe2,000-yearruleofthefeudaldynasties.ThustherewasaspateoffamousactorsandactressesandschoolsofPekingOperaintheearlydecadesofthiscentury.二十世纪20年代年京剧旦行先后成名的四位有代表性的演员：梅兰芳、尚小云、程砚秋、荀慧生。四大名旦在艺术上不断进取，表演、唱腔精益求精，各有独门剧目，蔚成流派。四小名旦继“四大名旦”以后，二十世纪30年代又有一批旦行演员脱颖而出。1940年，北京《立言报》邀请李世芳、张君秋、毛世来、宋德珠四人合作，在北京新新大戏院演出两场《白蛇传》，四个人分演自己擅长的一折戏，各展所长，社会影响强烈。从此即被公认为四小名旦。Asmentionedearlier,specifictypesoffacialmake-upinBeijingOperaareputontheactors'facestosymbolizethepersonalities,characteristics,andfatesoftheroles.Usually,redfaceshavepositivemeanings,symbolizingbrave,faithful,andwisemen.Anotherpositivecolorispurple,whichsignifieswisdomandbravery.Blackfaces,fortheirpart,usuallyhaveneutralmeanings,symbolizingjustbravemen;however,theycanalsorepresentuprightness.Blueandgreenfacesalsohaveneutralmeaningsthatsymbolizetheheroofthebush,withtheformeralsohintingatstrengthandintrepidity.Meanwhile,yellowandwhitefaceshavenegativemeaningsthatsymbolizeferocious,treacherous,andcraftymen.Finally,goldandsilverfacessymbolizemysteriousness,andstandformonstersorgods.京剧脸谱，是具有民族特色的一种特殊的化妆方法。由于每个历史人物或某一种类型的人物都有一种大概的谱式，就像唱歌、奏乐都要按照乐谱一样，所以称为“脸谱”。关于脸谱的来源，一般的说法是来自假面具。京剧脸谱，是根据某种性格、性情或某种特殊类型的人物为采用某些色彩的。红色有脸谱表示忠勇士义烈，如关羽、妾维、常遇春；黑色的脸谱表示刚烈、正直、勇猛甚至鲁莽，如包拯、张飞、李逵等；黄色的脸谱表示凶狠残暴，如宇文成都、典韦。蓝色或绿色的脸谱表示一些粗豪暴躁的人物，如窦尔敦、马武等；白色的脸谱一般表示奸臣、坏人，如曹操、赵高等。京剧脸谱的色画方法，基本上分为三类：揉脸、抹脸、勾脸。脸谱最初的作用，只是夸大剧中角色的五官部位和面部的纹理，用夸张的手法表现剧中人的性格、心理和生理上的特征，以此来为整个戏剧的情节服务，可是发展到后来，脸谱由简到繁、由粗到细、由表及里、由浅到深，本身就逐渐成为一种具有民族特色的、以人的面部为表现手段的图案艺术了。BeijingOpera,alsoknownasyellowskinfromXiPiandErhuangtwobasictoneofitsmusicmaterial,andalsotosingtunesinsomeplacessmall(forexample,LiuZicavity,blowingcavity)andKunquQupai.ItwasformedinBeijing,intimebeforeandafter1840,prevalentinthe20thcenturythree,the1940s,whenanationaldrama,said.NowitisstillacountrywithgreatinfluenceOperas.It'scomprehensiveandmatureperformance,themomentumofUS-hong,istherepresentativeofmodernChineseopera.ChinaPekingOperaisChina'snationalessence,has200yearsofhistory.BeijingOperaisseenatthebeginningof2002-Guangxu(1876)declaration,thehistoryofskinwasyellow,twoyellow,yellowcavity,forBeijing,Pekingopera,Pekingopera,drama,andsothetitle,theQingdynastyQianlong1966(1790)EmblemfourclassesinBeijing,AnhuiandBeijingJutanaftertheKunquopera,HanJu,Yiyang,LuandanOperassuchasthe50'sand60'softhedraw,EvolutionofaPekingOperaisChina'slargestoperaOperas.Itsrepertoireoftherich,asmuchasperformingartists,manycompanies,asmuchastheaudience,theimpactofthedeeparethehighest.BeijingOperaisacomprehensiveperformingarts.Thatis,sing(singing),read(readwhite)anddo(performance),fight(martialarts),dance(dance)fortheintegration,throughtheprogram'sperformancemeansSyria'sstories,characterizationsfigures,theexpressionHi,anger,sorrow,Lok,Panic,fear,grief,thethoughtsandfeelings.Rolecanbedividedinto:Health(men),Dan(woman),net(men),ugly(menandwomenboth)four.Zhongjianofthecharacters,BeautyandUglinessofthepoints,goodandevilofthepoints.Theimageclear,lifelike.Stateattachesgreatimportancetotheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage,May20,2006,PekingapprovedbytheStateCouncilincludedinthefirstbatchofstate-levelintangibleculturalheritage.PekingOperacombinesmusic,acrobaticdance,andspectacularcostumestotellstoriesfromChinesehistoryandfolklore.Usingabstract,symbolicgesturesrichindramaticmeaning,actorsrepresentpersonagesfromtheheroic,divine,andanimalworlds,ofteninmartialexploits.Thetraditionalfeaturesofthemasklikemakeupandelaboratecostumesimmediatelyidentifythecharacterstoaknowingaudience.京剧是地地道道的中国国粹，因形成于北京而得名，但它的源头还要追溯到几种古老的地方戏剧。1790年，安徽的四大地方戏班——三庆班、四喜班、春公班和春班──先后进京献艺，获得空前成功。微班常与来自湖北的汉调艺人合作演出，于是，一种以微调二簧和汉调西皮为主、兼收昆曲、秦腔、梆子等地方戏精华的新剧种诞生了，这就是京剧。在200年的发展历程中，京剧在唱词、念白及字韵上越来越北京化，使用的二胡、京胡等乐器，也融合了多个民族的发明，终于成为一种成熟的艺术。将京剧称作东方歌剧是因为两个剧种都是集歌唱、舞蹈、音乐、美术、文学等于一体的特殊戏剧形式，在形式上极为类似；同时，在各自不同的文化背景中，它们都获得了经典性地位。象征性格和命运的脸谱在人的脸上涂上某种颜色以象征这个人的性格和品质、角色和命运、是京剧的一大特点，也是理解剧情的关键。简单地讲，红脸含有褒义，代表忠勇者；黑脸为中性，代表猛智者；蓝脸和绿脸也为中性，代表